Table 4.
Baseline characteristics associated with inclusion in group 2 at first antenatal care (ANC) visit
| OR Group 1 (ref) vs group 2* |
OR Group 1 HIV+ (ref) vs group 2† |
|||||||
| OR | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | OR | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| <24 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 25–29 | 2.10 (1.60–2.76) | <0.0001 | 2.23 (1.64 to 3.05) | <0.0001 | 1.32 (0.96–1.81) | 0.091 | 1.09 (0.65 to 1.83) | 0.758 |
| >30 | 3.02 (2.36–3.86) | <0.0001 | 3.37 (2.45 to 4.63) | <0.0001 | 1.39 (1.04–1.85) | 0.025 | 1.09 (0.66 to 1.81) | 0.740 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 0.70 (0.26–1.91) | 0.489 | 0.75 (0.27 to 2.06) | 0.573 | 0.78 (0.23–2.63) | 0.691 | 1.02 (0.14 to 7.37) | 0.988 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 0.64 (0.24–1.74) | 0.386 | 0.60 (0.22 to 1.65) | 0.324 | 0.65 (0.19–2.16) | 0.481 | 1.34 (0.19 to 9.65) | 0.773 |
| Obese (>30.0) | 0.70 (0.26–1.87) | 0.474 | 0.56 (0.20 to 1.52) | 0.255 | 0.79 (0.24–2.62) | 0.701 | 1.10 (0.15 to 7.84) | 0.923 |
| Gravidity | ||||||||
| 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 2 | 1.54 (1.18–2.01) | 0.001 | 0.99 (0.73 to 1.34) | 0.929 | 0.98 (0.72–1.35) | 0.917 | 1.08 (0.64 to 1.82) | 0.765 |
| ≥3 | 1.97 (1.52–2.53) | <0.0001 | 0.94 (0.68 to 1.30) | 0.716 | 1.05 (0.78–1.43) | 0.715 | 1.09 (0.64 to 1.86) | 0.746 |
| Previous preterm‡ | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.50 (1.09–2.06) | 0.012 | 1.19 (0.84 to 1.68) | 0.318 | 1.29 (0.89–1.88) | 0.183 | 1.25 (0.69 to 2.26) | 0.468 |
| ART status | – | – | – | |||||
| Initiated during pregnancy | – | – | – | Reference | Reference | |||
| Initiated before pregnancy | – | – | – | 0.86 (0.70–1.07) | 0.180 | 1.07 (0.76 to 1.51) | 0.705 | |
| Gestational age | – | – | – | |||||
| Weeks | – | – | – | 0.86 (0.83–0.88) | <0.0001 | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.87) | <0.0001 | |
*Comparison between all enrolled pregnant women (≥18 years) seeking ANC services at Gugulethu MOU (group 1) (n=3421) vs pregnant women living with HIV ≤24 weeks’ gestation enrolled into cohort (group 2) (n=551).
†Comparison between all enrolled pregnant women living with HIV (≥18 years) seeking ANC services at Gugulethu MOU (group 1) not enrolled in cohort (n=167) vs pregnant women living with HIV ≤24 weeks’ gestation enrolled into cohort (group 2) (n=551).
‡Among women with a previous pregnancy.
§aOR - adjusted Odds Ratio
aOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; MOU, midwife obstetric unit.