Table 6.

Group 1 and group 2 measurements

Phase	Measurements group 1	Measurements group 2
Baseline	Routine care clinical record (MCR) abstraction: Booking visit Obstetric and neonatal history Medical and general history Physical examinations (height, MUAC, weight, blood pressure) Screening tests (syphilis, HIV, urine, Rhesus, haemoglobin) Gestational age assessment	Routine care clinical record (MCR) abstraction: Booking visit Obstetric and neonatal history Medical and general history Physical examinations (height, MUAC, weight, blood pressure) Screening tests (syphilis, HIV, urine, Rhesus, haemoglobin) Gestational age assessment Study-specific data collection Questionnaires Demographics Clinical (including obstetric) history HIV care and ART use Tuberculosis care Substance use. Physical examination (standardised measures) Ultrasound Anthropometry Blood pressure Specimen collection Phlebotomy.
Follow-up	Routine care clinical record abstraction: MCR Follow-up antenatal visit notes including blood pressure readings Obstetric notes Initial labour assessment (general, abdominal and vaginal examinations) Clinical notes during labour (second – fourth stage) Newborn assessments (birth outcome, gender, birth anthropometry and delivery complications) Postpartum notes	Routine care clinical record abstraction: MCR Follow-up antenatal visit notes including blood pressure readings Obstetric notes Initial labour assessment (general, abdominal and vaginal examinations) Clinical notes during labour (second–fourth stage) Newborn assessment (birth outcome, gender, birth anthropometry and delivery complications) Postpartum notes Infant Road-to-Health Booklet Vaccinations Chemoprophylaxis use HIV PCR testing Study-specific data collection Maternal Questionnaires ART use and adherence, medical and obstetric events Labour and delivery (at <7 days only) Physical examination (standardised measures) Anthropometry (height, weight and MUAC) Blood Pressure Ultrasound (at 28 week visit only) Specimen collection Phlebotomy for storage of plasma and PBMCs Placenta and cord blood (at delivery) Storage of cord blood PBMCs Isolation of PBMCs from decidua membrane for T cells and macrophage subsets identification Tissue section formalin fixing and paraffin embedding for histopathology Infant Questionnaires Medical events Feeding practices Development assessment (at 12 months only) Physical examination (standardised measures) Anthropometry (weight, length, head circumference and MUAC) Specimen collection DBS (at 10 weeks only) Phlebotomy for storage of plasma and PBMCs (at 12 months only)

DBS, dried blood spots; MCR, maternity case record; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.;