. 2021 Sep 28;16:6593–6644. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S323831

Table 2.

Type of Costs in Pharmacoeconomic Analysis.¹³^,²²^,²⁴

Costs
Direct	Medical	1^a. Hospitalization 1^b. Outpatient visits (to primary care providers) 1^c. Procedures and tests (laboratory tests, surgical interventions, USG) 1^d. Medical devices 1^e. Homecare 1^f. Nursing care 1^g. Medications 1^h. Monitoring therapy 1ⁱ. Adverse events management 1^j. Medical staff costs 1^k. Administrative costs
Direct	Non-medical	2^a. Accommodation 2^b. Transportation 2^c. Non-medical services (home helper, meals on wheels, social assistance) 2^d. Devices and investments 2^e. The informal care
Indirect		3^a. Sick leave or absences (short term disability) 3^b. Reduced productivity at work (productivity loss) 3^c. Early retirement due to illness (long term disability) 3^d. The premature death
Intangible		Costs which are difficult to assess; a patient or their family might feel: 4^a. Anxiety 4^b. Pain 4^c. Suffering