Table 6.
Mechanism of Overcoming Drug Resistance and Benefits of Nanocarrier Use
| Drug | Type of Cancer | Type of Nanocarrier | Mechanism of Overcoming Drug Resistance and Benefits of Nanocarrier Use | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOX | Ovarian cancer | Iron oxide-titanium dioxide core-shell nanocomposites | Downregulation of TfR1 expression | [120] |
| ATC | Dopamine-melanin NPs | Increased cellular uptake | [129] | |
| 5-FU | CRC | Mesoporous silica NPs grafted with EGF | Cell death through S phase arrest Downregulation of DPYD expression | [117] |
| GC | Gelatinase-stimuli di-block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) | Upregulation of TFAP2E and downregulation DKK4 | [130] | |
| Chitosan NPs | Downregulation of HIF-1α expression | [116] | ||
| PTX | Lung cancer | Galactoxyloglucan | Downregulation of the expression of multi-drug resistant proteins P-gp and BCRP | [131] |
| MDCK-MDR1 | Two diblock copolymers, MePEG114-b-PCL200 and MePEG17-b-PCL5 (PCL200/PCL5) + ultrasound | Increased accumulation of drug | [132] |
Abbreviations: 5-FU, 5-Fluorouracil; ATC, anaplastic thyroid cancer; BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein; CRC, colorectal cancer; DKK4, Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 4; DOX, Doxorubicin; DPYD, Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase; EGF, Epidermal Growth Factor; GC, Gastric Cancer; HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; MDCK-MDR1, Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with the MDR1 gene; NPs, Nanoparticles; P-gp, Permeability glycoprotein; TFAP2E, Transcription Factor AP-2 Epsilon; TfR1, Transferrin Receptor 1.