Table 2.
Representative LFAs for antibody test.
| Target | Sample | Probe | Assay time (min) | Sensitivity | Specificity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgM | Whole blood | AuNP | 15 | 100% | 93.3% | [97] |
| IgG | Serum | Lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles | 10 | 100% | 93.6% | [105] |
| IgG | Serum | AuNP | 15–20 | 69.1% | 100% | [104] |
| IgM and IgG | Serum | SiO2@Au@QD nanobeads | 15 | 100% | 100% | [116] |
| IgM and IgG | Serum and plasma | Eu(III) fluorescent microsphere | 10 | IgM: 98.68% IgG: 98.72% |
IgM: 93.10% IgG: 100% |
[117] |
| IgM and IgG | Whole blood | AuNP | 15 | 85.29% | 100.00% | [114] |
| IgM and IgG | Serum | AuNP | 15 | 95.85% | 97.47% | [111] |
| IgM and IgG | Whole blood and serum | Selenium nanoparticle | 5 | 93.33% | 97.34% | [112] |
| IgA | Serum and saliva | AuNP and HRP | 15 | / | / | [110] |
| Total antibody | Serum | AuNP | 20 | 94.6% | 100% | [130] |
| Total antibody | Serum | AuNP with a CISG enhancement | 17 | 89.9% | 100% | [132] |