Table 2.
Comparison of survivors and nonsurvivors with cirrhosis admitted to the ICU.
| Parameters | Survivors (n = 264) | Nonsurvivors (n = 118) | p values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.6 + 10.4.5 | 66.7 + 11.3 | 0.88 |
| Male sex | 200 (76%) | 80 (68%) | 0.11 |
| Clinical features | |||
| Ascites | 223 (85%) | 98 (83%) | 0.73 |
| Bacterial infections/sepsis | 130 (49%) | 103 (87%) | <0.0001 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 128 (49%) | 83 (70%) | <0.0001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 49 (19%) | 70 (59%) | <0.0001 |
| Variceal bleeding | 13 (5%) | 11 (9%) | 0.11 |
| AD of cirrhosis | 181 (69%) | 23 (20%) | <0.001 |
| ACLF by CLIF criteria | 83 (31%) | 95 (80%) | < 0.0011 |
| (i) Grade I | 59 (22%) | 31 (26%) | |
| (ii) Grade II | 15 (6%) | 21 (18%) | |
| (iii) Grade III | 9 (3%) | 43 (36%) | |
| ACLF by NACSELD criteria | 3 (1%) | 30 (25%) | <0.0001 |
| Laboratory features | |||
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 135.2 + 7.2 | 135.2 + 8,1 | 0.11 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.2 + 1.0 | 1.8 + 1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | 3.1 + 4.0 | 5.7 + 7.0 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin(g/dl) | 2.6 + 0.5 | 2.5 + 0.5 | 0.84 |
| INR | 1.8 + 0.9 | 2.2 + 1.5 | 0.01 |
| Leukocyte count (109/L) | 7512 + 4105 | 11808 + 7321 | <0.0001 |
| Organ support admission | |||
| Vasopressor therapy | 4 (1, 5%) | 13 (11%) | <0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 4 (2%) | 24 (20%) | <0.0001 |
| Scores | |||
| CCI | 6.5 + 3.4 | 7.8 + 2.9 | 0.008 |
| Apache II | 13.1 + 3.9 | 18.3 + 8.6 | 0.001 |
| CTP | 9.6 + 2.2 | 11.1 + 1.7 | 0.02 |
| MELD | 17.8 + 6.2 | 24.6 + 8.6 | 0.001 |
| MELD-Na | 20.2 + 6.5 | 26.5 + 7.9 | 0.001 |
| iMELD | 41.9 + 9.4 | 47.0 + 12.4 | <0.0001 |
| MESO index | 1.3 + 0.5 | 1.8 + 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| SOFA | 3.7 + 2.0 | 6.1 + 3.0 | <0.0001 |
| CLIF-SOFA | 4.1 + 2.1 | 6.9 + 3.1 | <0.0001 |
| CLIF-C OF | 7.2 + 1.7 | 9.7 + 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| CLIC-C ACLF | 44.6 + 10.0 | 50.4 + 13.1 | 0.03 |
| CLIF-C AD | 56.6 + 9.2 | 63.2 + 9.3 | 0.48 |
1Chi-square for trend; AD, acute decompensation; ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; CLIF-C, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium; NACSELD, North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease; CCI, Charlson comorbidities index; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; MELD-Na, sodium MELD; MESO index, MELD to serum sodium ratio index; iMELD, integrated-MELD; CTP, Child–Turcotte–Pugh; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CLIF-SOFA, CLIF Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CLIF-C OF, CLIF-C organ failure; CLIF-C ACLF, CLIF acute-on-chronic liver failure; CLIF-C AD, CLIF-C acute decompensation; ICU, intensive care unit.