Table 1.

Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) as defined by the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders (ICVD).

All five criteria (A-E) must be fulfilled to make the diagnosis:

One or more symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness, or non-spinning vertigo are present on most days for 3 months or more. Symptoms last for prolonged (hours-long) periods of time, but may wax and wane in severity. Symptoms need not be present continuously throughout the entire day. Persistent symptoms occur without specific provocation, but are exacerbated by three factors: Upright posture, Active or passive motion without regard to direction or position, and Exposure to moving visual stimuli or complex visual patterns. The disorder is precipitated by conditions that cause vertigo, unsteadiness, dizziness, or problems with balance including acute, episodic, or chronic vestibular syndromes, other neurologic or medical illnesses, or psychological distress. When the precipitant is an acute or episodic condition, symptoms settle into the pattern of criterion A as the precipitant resolves, but they may occur intermittently at first, and then consolidate into a persistent course. When the precipitant is a chronic syndrome, symptoms may develop slowly at first and worsen gradually. Symptoms cause significant distress or functional impairment. Symptoms are not better accounted for by another disease or disorder.