Table 2.

Anti-inflammation and serum biochemical parameters

	C (n=10)	P (n=10)	P+Cr (n=10)	P
Tnf-α (pg/mL)	30.1±1a	50±1.2b	34.6±1c	<0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	349.2±1.9a	592.9±7.7b	396.9±5.7c	<0.001
IL-1β (pg/mL)	150±5.6a	247±6.1b	193.7±7.2c	<0.001
Bun (mg/dL)	9.7±0.9a	23.6±1.3b	13.7±0.9c	<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	2±0.1a	4.1±0.2b	2.6±0.2c	<0.001

TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor–α; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-1β: interleukin-1β. Groups: C: control; P: periodontitis; P-Cr: periodontitis + crocin. In each row, significant difference (P<0.001) is denoted with different superscripts