Table 1.
Presenting clinical features and outcomes of probable DILI and non-DILI cases
| Characteristics | Probable DILI (N = 121) | Non-DILI (N = 61) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age (years) | 53.9 + 19 | 53.4 + 19 | 0.929 |
| Female | 58 (47.9) | 26 (42.6) | 0.603 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 102 (84.3) | 51 (83.6) | 0.902 |
| African American | 10 (8.3) | 4 (6.6) | |
| Asian | 3 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (1.6) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Other | 4 (3.3) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Initial laboratory values | |||
| AST (IU/L) | 891 ± 1846 | 497 ± 915 | 0.118 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 931 ± 1716 | 495 ± 1025 | 0.069 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 333 ± 366 | 280 ± 296 | 0.329 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 5.0 ± 6.8 | 4.3 ± 8.2 | 0.519 |
| INR | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 0.317 |
| R value at onset | |||
| < 2 = cholestatic | 41 (33.9) | 25 (41) | 0.056 |
| 2–5 = mixed | 12 (9.9) | 12 (19.7) | |
| > 5 = hepatocellular | 68 (56.2) | 24 (39.3) | |
| DILIN severity index | |||
| Mild (1) | 17 (14.1) | 25 (41) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate (2) | 5 (4.1) | 6 (9.8) | |
| Moderate–severe (3) | 72 (59.5) | 13 (21.3) | |
| Severe (4) | 17 (14.1) | 11 (18.0) | |
| Fatal (5) | 10 (8.3) | 6 (9.8) | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%)
ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, DILI drug-induced liver injury, DILIN Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network, INR international normalized ratio