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. 2021 Sep 30;9:e12130. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12130

Table 6. The unique features of projects in blockchain development era and blockchain as a platform era.

The unique feature of projects Advantages Shortcomings
Liu et al. (2019) With proxy re-encryption, proposing a decentralized data management across hospitals when EHRs are recorded locally in hospital blockchains. When storing EHRs on the blockchain system, there is a significant storage overhead.
IBM’s Medical-Blockchain Store private healthcare data off-chain and manage medical data using blockchain. Uses an unique approach for consensus. It has got a complex architecture. Therefore, it should be considered in detail when integrating services.
Al Omar et al. (2019) User-centric EHR systems giving total control of data to users. Permissioned Blockchain and other functions restrict intruders from a security breach. When storing EHRs on the blockchain system, there is a significant storage overhead.
Tanwar, Parekh & Evans (2020) Creating a Hyperledger-based access control system to handle EHRs safely. Causes high storage overhead; Dependents on MSP.
Niu et al. (2020) Using an ABE to address the multi-user retrieval requirement of an EHR management system. The system’s efficiency was only assessed based on the number of attributes and search time.
Veeramakali et al. (2021) Proposing an optimal deep-learning-based secure blockchain healthcare diagnosis model. It examines the model in three different stages in detail. When storing EHRs on the blockchain system, there is a significant storage overhead.The blockchain side of the work is less processed than the other parts.
Połap, Srivastava & Yu (2021) Allows separating specific tasks to agents units. Agents combine with federated learning. Performs sharing private data processes with blockchain. The blockchain side of the work is less processed than the other parts. There is no analysis of the offer in terms of security.
Chen et al. (2021) Blockchain based system uses various machine learning classification algorithms to provide an earlier detection of the disease and secures the patients’ EHRs. There is no performance evaluation of the blockchain for the platform.
Arul et al. (2021) Proposing multi-modal healthcare data dissemination framework using blockchain in IoMT. Data optimization and management were examined in detail. Detailed information about how users got into the system was not given.