TABLE 2.
Age-and Sex-Related Differences in Selected Cytokines and Growth Factorsa
| Female |
Male |
Male to Female |
Young to Older |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker | Overall, Mean (95% CI) | Young, Mean (95% CI) | Older, Mean (95% CI) | Young, Mean (95% CI) | Older, Mean (95% CI) | Difference, % | P Value | Difference, % | P Value |
| IL-1 β, pg/mL | 8.74 (7.88–9.59) | 7.58 (6.41–8.75) | 7.82 (6.14–9.50) | 9.23 (7.65–10.82) | 10.64 (7.81–13.46) | 30.6 | .008 | –7.4 | .304 |
| IRAP, pg/mL | 257.02 (231.12–282.92) | 210.07 (179.68–240.45) | 226.12 (188.27–263.96) | 276.24 (225.64–326.85) | 327.91 (245.21–410.62) | 40.3 | <.001 | –10.9 | .137 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 120.78 (109.21–132.35) | 105.15 (89.51–120.79) | 115.84 (86.41–145.28) | 122.91 (102.41–143.41) | 143.56 (108.00–179.11) | 23.1 | .048 | –12.0 | .167 |
| FGF-basic, pg/mL | 215.43 (197.79–233.06) | 196.80 (164.96–228.64) | 191.21 (153.69–228.73) | 232.54 (199.94–265.14) | 245.44 (193.95–296.93) | 24.7 | .010 | 0.1 | .827 |
| PDGF-BB, pg/mL | 2928.58 (2522.50–3334.66) | 2775.86 (1867.39–3684.33) | 2382.78 (1860.61–2904.95) | 3364.96 (2513.39–4216.53) | 3201.70 (1848.13–4555.28) | 24.3 | .087 | 10.9 | .491 |
| VEGF, pg/mL | 125.04 (105.97–144.12) | 119.87 (72.04–167.71) | 97.07 (75.59–118.55) | 132.68 (105.85–159.51) | 155.97 (84.69–227.26) | 33.8 | .060 | 2.6 | .989 |
| TGF-β1, ng/mL | 106.18 (97.21–115.14) | 87.92 (76.40–99.43) | 97.70 (79.86–115.53) | 115.11 (98.43–131.79) | 123.99 (98.12–149.85) | 21.9 | .002 | –7.0 | .248 |
| IGF-1, ng/mL | 76.93 (67.22–86.63) | 97.04 (79.16–114.93) | 53.66 (42.03–65.29) | 98.19 (81.31–115.07) | 54.15 (43.96–64.34) | 6.8 | .903 | 44.8 | .000 |
a
FGF-basic, fibroblast growth factor–basic; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor–1; IL-1β, interleukin–1 beta; IRAP, IL-1 receptor antagonist protein; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β 1, transforming growth factor–beta 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor–alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.