Table I.
Characteristics of members of Massachusetts high school GSAs and comparison students sampled from classrooms in the same schools, N = 1900.
| Variables | Nonmember students (n = 1539), n (%) | GSA members (n = 361), n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender identity | ||
| Female | 756 (49.6) | 200 (55.6) |
| Male | 755 (49.5) | 57 (15.8) |
| Genderqueer | 4 (0.3) | 8 (2.2) |
| Transgender | 1 (0.1) | 31 (8.6) |
| Non-binary | — | 21 (5.8) |
| Gender fluid | — | 7 (1.9) |
| Respondent-provided identities | 9 (0.6) | 36 (10.0) |
| Sexual orientation identity | ||
| Heterosexual/straight | 1370 (90.9) | 52 (14.5) |
| Bisexual | 50 (3.3) | 80 (22.3) |
| Gay or lesbian | 20 (1.3) | 61 (17.0) |
| Asexual | — | 14 (3.9) |
| Pansexual | — | 75 (20.9) |
| Queer | — | 18 (5.0) |
| Questioning | 39 (2.6) | 26 (7.3) |
| Respondent-provided identities | 11 (0.7) | 3 (0.8) |
| Age | ||
| 13 and under | 51 (3.4) | 15 (4.2) |
| 14 | 288 (19.0) | 73 (20.4) |
| 15 | 394 (26.0) | 83 (23.2) |
| 16 | 338 (22.3) | 87 (24.3) |
| 17 | 328 (21.6) | 88 (24.6) |
| 18 and over | 119 (7.8) | 12 (3.4) |
| Grade | ||
| 6th | 23 (1.5) | 3 (0.8) |
| 7th | 15 (1.0) | 2 (0.6) |
| 8th | 13 (0.8) | 6 (1.7) |
| 9th | 369 (24.1) | 94 (26.3) |
| 10th | 414 (27.0) | 81 (22.7) |
| 11th | 334 (21.8) | 94 (26.3) |
| 12th | 366 (23.9) | 77 (21.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1130 (73.9) | 261 (72.7) |
| Black or African American | 56 (3.7) | 8 (2.2) |
| Asian or Asian American | 87 (5.7) | 10 (2.8) |
| Hispanic or Latino/a/x | 140 (9.2) | 38 (10.6) |
| Biracial or Multiracial | 80 (5.2) | 37 (10.3) |
| Native American | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Middle Eastern/Arab or Arab American | 16 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Born in United States | ||
| Yes | 140 (9.1) | 29 (8.0) |
| No | 1398 (90.9) | 332 (92.0) |
| Free/reduced price lunch | ||
| No | 1000 (65.4) | 210 (60.5) |
| Yes | 404 (26.4) | 111 (32.0) |
| Not sure | 125 (8.2) | 26 (7.5) |
| Non-GSA club participation (number of clubs) | ||
| 0 clubs | 406 (26.4) | 71 (19.7) |
| 1 club | 393 (25.5) | 86 (23.8) |
| 2 clubs | 331 (21.5) | 96 (26.6) |
| 3 clubs | 215 (14.0) | 53 (14.7) |
| 4 or more clubs | 194 (12.6) | 55 (15.2) |
| Alcohol use (past 6 months) | ||
| No | 1096 (72.0) | 274 (76.3) |
| Yes | 427 (28.0) | 85 (23.7) |
| Cigarette use (past 6 months) | ||
| No | 1464 (96.7) | 340 (95.2) |
| Yes | 50 (3.3) | 17 (4.8) |
| E-cigarette use (past 6 months) | ||
| No | 1331 (90.4) | 312 (90.4) |
| Yes | 141 (9.6) | 33 (9.6) |
| Any alcohol, cigarette or e-cigarette use (past 6 months) | ||
| No | 1013 (68.5) | 251 (72.1) |
| Yes | 466 (31.5) | 97 (27.9) |