Table 4.
Histopathological findings and operative outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with or without acute kidney injury
| AKI | No AKI | P † | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 58) | (n = 502) | ||
| Tumour size (cm)* | 5.9 (4.0) | 5.0 (3.7) | 0.068‡ |
| No. of tumours | |||
| 1 | 33 (56.9) | 384 (76.5) | 0.001 |
| 2 | 6 (10.3) | 43 (8.6) | 0.650 |
| 3 | 4 (6.9) | 11 (2.2) | 0.059 |
| ≥ 4 | 15 (25.9) | 64 (12.7) | 0.007 |
| Satellite lesion | 24 (41.4) | 98 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
| Vascular invasion | 22 (37.9) | 174 (34.7) | 0.621 |
| Differentiation | |||
| Well | 8 (14.3) | 58 (11.8) | 0.617 |
| Moderate | 43 (76.8) | 386 (78.6) | 0.639 |
| Poor | 5 (8.9) | 47 (9.6) | 0.853 |
| AJCC stage | |||
| I | 23 (39.7) | 278 (55.4) | 0.023 |
| II | 16 (27.6) | 131 (26.1) | 0.807 |
| III | 16 (27.6) | 91 (18.1) | 0.083 |
| IV | 3 (5.2) | 2 (0.4) | 0.009 |
| Resection margin (cm)* | 1.34(1.09) | 1.42 (1.16) | 0.627‡ |
| Clear margin | 58 (100) | 495 (98.6) | 1.000 |
| Child-Pugh grade | 0.418 | ||
| A | 55 (94.8) | 487 (97.0) | |
| B | 3 (5.2) | 15 (3.0) | |
| Cirrhosis | 32 (55.2) | 271 (54.0) | 0.863 |
| Ruptured HCC | 9 (10.3) | 30 (6.0) | 0.250 |
| 90-day mortality | 6 (10.3) | 5 (1.0) | 0.003 |
| Postoperative complications | 36 (62.1) | 122 (24.3) | < 0.001 |
| Clavien–Dindo grade of complication | |||
| I | 2 (3.4) | 42 (8.4) | 0.299 |
| II | 13 (22.4) | 41 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| III | 12 (20.7) | 36 (7.2) | 0.002 |
| IV | 4 (6.9) | 1 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| V | 5 (8.6) | 2 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| PHLF | 5 (8.6) | 5 (1.0) | 0.002 |
| Duration of postoperative hospital stay (days)* | 13.3 (7.7) | 8.2 (5.5) | < 0.001‡ |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise; *values are mean(s.d.). AKI, acute kidney injury; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PHLF, posthepatectomy liver failure. †χ2 or Fisher’s exact test, except ‡Student’s t test.