Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Variable | APOL1 Low-Risk (N=2 306) |
APOL1 High-Risk (N=152) |
Combined (N=2 458) |
Test P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age; years | 40 [34, 47] | 40.5 [36, 46] | 40 [34, 47] | 0.11 |
| Sex; n, % | 0.58 | |||
| Male | 694 (30.1) | 49 (32.2) | 743 (30.2) | |
| Female | 1612 (69.9) | 103 (67.8) | 1 715 (69.8) | |
| Ethnicity; n, % | <0.001 | |||
| Hausa/Fulani | 1 732 (75.1) | 38 (25) | 1770 (72.0) | |
| Igbo | 57 (2.5) | 55 (36.2) | 112 (4.6) | |
| Yoruba | 47 (2.0) | 8 (5.3) | 55 (2.2) | |
| Other | 470 (20.4) | 51 (33.6) | 521 (21.2) | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 23.1 [20.1, 26.8] | 24.1 [21.6, 27.5] | 23.2 [20.2, 26.9] | 0.002 |
| Mean Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 110 [99, 123] | 111 [100, 129] | 110 [99, 123] | 0.07 |
| Mean Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 73 [66, 80] | 74 [67, 83] | 73 [66, 81] | 0.08 |
| JNC BP Classification; n, % | 0.06 | |||
| Pre-hypertension | 511 (22.2) | 30 (19.7) | 541 (22.0) | |
| Stage 1 Hypertension | 187 (8.1) | 21 (13.8) | 208 (8.5) | |
| Stage 2 Hypertension | 96 (4.2) | 9 (5.9) | 105 (4.3) | |
| Duration on ART (Category); n, % | 0.56 | |||
| < 3 years | 148 (6.4) | 13 (8.6) | 161 (6.6) | |
| 3-6 years | 522 (22.6) | 32 (21.1) | 554 (22.5) | |
| > 6 years | 1 636 (71.0) | 107 (70.4) | 1 743 (70.9) | |
| Level of ART Therapy; n, % | 0.20 | |||
| 1st Line | 1 915 (83.0) | 120 (79.0) | 2 035 (82.8) | |
| 2nd Line | 391 (17.0) | 32 (21.1) | 423 (17.2) | |
| Tenofovir (current exposure); n, % | 1 347 (58.4) | 98 (64.5) | 1 445 (58.8) | 0.14 |
| Dolutegravir (current exposure); n, % | 559 (24.2) | 30 (19.7) | 589 (24.0) | 0.21 |
| Recent CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) | 484 [324, 662] | 470 [322.5, 630] | 482 [324, 661] | 0.61 |
| Recent Viral Load (≤ 200 copies/mL); n, % | 2 178 (96.0) | 139 (93.3) | 2 317 (95.8) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes mellitus (self-reported); n, % | 47 (2.0) | 3 (2.0) | 50 (2.0) | 0.96 |
| Hypertension (self-reported); n, % | 332 (14.4) | 29 (19.1) | 361 (14.7) | 0.11 |
| Congestive Heart Failure (self-reported); n, % | 8 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | 9 (0.4) | 0.54 |
| Other comorbid conditions; n, % | 520 (22.6) | 25 (16.5) | 545 (22.2) | 0.08 |
| Taking anti-Hypertensive; n, % | 255 (11.1) | 24 (15.8) | 279 (11.4) | 0.08 |
| Taking ACEi/ARB; n, % | 116 (5.0) | 11 (7.3) | 127 (5.2) | 0.23 |
| uACR (mg/g); | 21.3 [9.1, 46.2] | 31.4 [11.9, 75.2] | 21.7 [9.3, 47.8] | <0.001 |
| Albuminuria Classification; n, % | <0.001 | |||
| Microalbuminuria | 846 (36.7) | 63 (41.5) | 909 (37.0) | |
| Macroalbuminuria | 55 (2.4) | 15 (9.9) | 70 (2.9) | |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 [0.6, 0.9] | 0.83 [0.7, 1.1] | 0.78 [0.6, 1.0] | 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 104.5 [87.7, 120.2] | 101.0 [80.1, 115.1] | 104.3 [87.2, 120.0] | 0.004 |
| eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 plus uACR value > 300 mg/g); n, % | 13 (0.56) | 5 (3.3) | 18 (0.7) | <0.001 |
Statistics presented: Median [IQR]; % (N)
Tests conducted: Continuous variables: Wilcoxon; Categorical variables: Pearson Chi-square.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; uACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; JNC, joint national committee; ART, combination antiretroviral therapy; ACEi/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker.