Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

First author	Year	Design	Country	Study period	Sample size	Age, y	Sex	Follow-up, mo	Quality assessment
Ramesar17	1987	RC	UK	1976–1987	174	Mean 60.8	53% M	120–132	7
Sossai18	1990	PC	Italy	None	112	Mean 64.2	57% M	12–88	7
Silva19	1990	PC	Portugal	1982–1988	124	31–76	71% M	12–72	7
Fang20	1991	PC	China	1982–1987	112	18–70	80% M	15–70	6
Filipe21	1994	RC	Slovenia	1967–1986	1,281	NR	65% M	126–234	8
Sun22	2009	PC	China	1989–2003	62	NR	NR	60–168	6
Gonzalez23	2010	PC	Spain	1988–1994 2005–2007	478	Mean 50	47% M	Mean 153.6	8
Gonzalez24	2016	PC	Spain	1995–2004 2011–2013	649	Mean 52	54% M	Mean 144	8
Pittayanon25	2017	PC	Thailand	2004–2014	91	63 ± 13.3	51% M	48.6 ± 30	8
Chapelle26	2020	PC	France	2000–2015	79	Mean 61	44% M	Mean 66	7
Piazuelo27	2021	PC	Colombia	1991–2011	356	69 ± 8	45% M	240	8
Lee28	2021	PC	Singapore	2004–2010	2,980	59.1 ± 6.7	52% M	Mean 52.8	8

NR, not reported; PC, prospective cohort; RC, retrospective cohort.