Table III.
Cost and utility inputs.
| Parameter | Parameters for Sensitivity Analysis |
Source | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Distribution | Range | ||
| Distribution of patients by payor type, % | Dirichlet (N = 105,736) |
Data on file, Eli Lilly and Company, 2020 | ||
| Medicare | 52.9 | 45.6–60.2 | ||
| Medicaid | 19.2 | 16.5–21.9 | ||
| Private payor | 27.9 | 17.9–37.9 | ||
| Uninsured | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hospital costs per day, mean (SE), USD | Normal | Data on file, Eli Lilly and Company, 2020 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 3660 (78.64) | 3506–3814 | ||
| Noninvasive ventilation | 2450 (124.99) | 2205–2695 | ||
| Supplemental oxygen | 1828 (19.05) | 1791–1865 | ||
| Medical care w/o oxygen | 1818 (13.40) | 1792–1844 | ||
| Payor costs per patient, by highest level of inpatient care,* USD | ||||
| Inpatient hospitalization costs | Supplemental Table S3† | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 48,884 | |||
| Noninvasive ventilation | 17,468 | |||
| Supplemental oxygen | 17,241 | |||
| Medical care w/o oxygen | 16,946 | |||
| Post-discharge COVID-19 costs, USD | Supplemental Table S4† | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 8716 | |||
| Noninvasive ventilation | 3527 | |||
| Supplemental oxygen | 2388 | |||
| Medical care w/o oxygen | 2165 | |||
| Per-annum all-cause medical costs post recovery among patients without serious comorbidities, USD | Normal | Whittington9 | ||
| Age 19–44 y | 5741 (150) | 4593–6889 | ||
| Age 45–64 y | 12,073 (200) | 9658–14,488 | ||
| Age 65–84 y | 20,071 (250) | 16,057–24,085 | ||
| Age 85+ y | 38,900 (300) | 31,120–46,680 | ||
| Indirect costs | Normal | |||
| Percent of patients employed, % | 32.4 (5) | 25.9–38.9 | US Bureau of Labor Statistics,17,22 Garfield et al21 | |
| Cost per workday missed, USD | 218.63 (25) | 175–262 | US Bureau of Labor Statistics,17,22 Garfield et al21 | |
| Age-based utilities among patients without severe comorbidities | β | Whittington,9 Campbell et al,10 Sullivan and Ghushchyan23 | ||
| Age 18–29 y | 0.922 (0.0019) | 0.918–0.926 | ||
| Age 30–39 y | 0.901 (0.0021) | 0.897–0.905 | ||
| Age 40–49 y | 0.871 (0.0024) | 0.866–0.876 | ||
| Age 50–59 y | 0.842 (0.0028) | 0.836–0.847 | ||
| Age 60–69 y | 0.823 (0.0034) | 0.816–0.830 | ||
| Age 70–79 y | 0.790 (0.0036) | 0.783–0.797 | ||
| Age 80+ y | 0.736 (0.0062) | 0.724–0.748 | ||
| Disutilities of hospitalization for COVID-19 | Normal | Campbell et al,10 Sullivan and Ghushchyan,23 Smith and Roberts,24 Barbut et al,25 Sackett and Torrance26 | ||
| COVID-19 symptoms | –0.190 (0.022) | –0.233 to –0.147 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | –0.600 (0.045) | –0.688 to –0.512 | ||
| Noninvasive ventilation | –0.500 (0.045) | –0.588 to –0.412 | ||
| Supplemental oxygen | –0.400 (0.045) | –0.488 to –0.312 | ||
| Medical care w/o oxygen | –0.300 (0.045) | –0.388 to –0.212 | ||
USD = US dollars; w/o = without.
⁎
Payor costs per patient by highest level of inpatient care were calculated in the model based on the inputs shown in Supplemental Tables S4 and S5; parameters for the sensitivity analyses associated with those parameters are also shown in Supplemental Tables S4 and S5.
†
See the online version at doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.09.016.