Table 5.

one-way ANOVA results of amino acids differention between Covid-19 symptom groups and controls

Groups	Amino acids	Mean difference	Standard error	Significant test
Control—Asymptomatic	Taurine	135.1018853	29.0315774	0.000
	Ethanolamine	– 4.7934173	1.4941180	0.014
	l-2-aminobutyric acid	– 5.8411087	1.1815338	0.000
	l-Citrulline	9.0651947	3.2215218	0.044
Control—Midly	Taurine	155.2681057	27.9181284	0.000
	3-Amino isobutyric acid	0.4606745	0.1105270	0.001
	l-Glutamic acid	30.8029422	6.8308506	0.000
	l-2-aminobutyric acid	– 5.1273491	1.1362183	0.000
	Trans-4-hydroxy l-proline	1.5740143	0.3988168	0.001
	l-Ornithine	30.4113460	7.9340154	0.002
Control—Moderately	Taurine	97.5820400	27.6805230	0.005
	l-Phenylalanine	– 24.0320433	7.9034386	0.023
	l-2-aminobutyric acid	– 6.7597633	1.1265482	0.000
	Trans-4-hydroxy l-proline	1.6011433	0.3954225	0.001
Control—Severely	l-Tryptophan	20.2208290	4.5366383	0.000
	Taurine	111.4777759	28.1704818	0.001
	l-Phenylalanine	– 35.6981480	8.2017859	0.000
	3-Amino isobutyric acid	0.3308616	0.1115261	0.029
	l-Glutamic acid	22.5113685	6.8925950	0.012
	l-2-aminobutyric acid	– 6.5445317	1.1464887	0.000
	l-Threonine	41.6145475	11.6936556	0.005
	l-Alanine	114.3688710	38.3935978	0.028
	l-Glycin	107.0110273	26.0230237	0.001
	Trans-4-hydroxy l-proline	1.5934391	0.4024217	0.001
	l-Proline	109.6817028	27.2539482	0.001
	l-Glutamine	123.6604996	32.7916978	0.002
	l-Citrulline	12.9994424	3.1259694	0.001
	l-Histidine	11.0686427	3.6138749	0.022
	l-Ornithine	23.2845648	8.0057314	0.034
Asymptomatic—Midly	Ethanolamine	7.4789192	1.5057819	0.000
Asymptomatic—Moderately	l-Glutamic acid	– 29.1704120	7.1032830	0.001
Asymptomatic—Severely	l-Phenylalanine	– 28.1857620	8.5741312	0.011
	Ethanolamine	5.7219621	1.5181794	0.002
	l-Threonine	45.5370355	12.2451712	0.003
	l-Proline	112.4214428	28.5393440	0.001
	l-Glutamine	111.5912056	34.3382742	0.012
	l-Histidine	11.8720887	3.7843184	0.018
Midly—Moderately	l-Phenylalanine	– 22.6687747	7.9712805	0.041
	l-Tyrosine	– 16.2554906	5.4333693	0.027
	l-Glutamic acid	– 44.8703055	6.8308506	0.000
	Ethanolamine	– 4.3143418	1.4368140	0.026
	l-Aspartic acid	– 11.9957178	3.8453843	0.018
	l-Ornithine	– 25.5829760	7.9340154	0.013
Midly—Severely	l-Phenylalanine	– 34.3348794	8.2671799	0.001
	l-Threonine	33.0731461	11.7905852	0.045
	l-Proline	78.1578277	27.4798581	0.040
	l-Glutamine	140.0207158	33.0635105	0.000
Moderately—Severely	l-Isoleucine	18.3316869	5.9392160	0.020
	l-Methionine	8.7963230	2.9723867	0.029
	l-Glutamic acid	36.5787318	6.8925950	0.000
	l-Threonine	42.8201809	11.6936556	0.003
	l-Proline	87.8582062	27.2539482	0.013
	l-Glutamine	106.8802529	32.7916978	0.012
	l-Citrulline	10.1693724	3.1259694	0.012