Table 2.
Demographic and psychological characteristics of chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSK pain) patients and healthy controls (HCs).
| MSK pain (n = 22) | HC (n = 26) | t (χ2) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 44.41 ± 7.94 | 40.08 ± 10.86 | 1.550 | 0.128 |
| Education years | 9.41 ± 4.08 | 11.64 ± 4.99 | -1.650 | 0.102 |
| Gender (male/female) | 17/5 | 18/8 | 0.3903 | 0.532 |
| Handedness (left/right) | 0/22 | 1/25 | 1.2070 | 0.272 |
| NRS | 5.64 ± 2.81 | 0 | NA | NA |
| SF-MPQ | 7.36 ± 4.81 | 0.04 ± 0.200 | NA | NA |
| Pain time (months) | 22.21 ± 33.62 | 0 | NA | NA |
| PSQI | 6.91 ± 4.80 | 4.19 ± 2.30 | 2.550 | 0.014∗ |
| Positive emotion | 19.86 ± 6.94 | 21.69 ± 6.49 | -0.950 | 0.351 |
| Negative emotion | 18.36 ± 7.14 | 15.19 ± 3.94 | 1.950 | 0.058 |
| Depression | 11.45 ± 3.46 | 10.04 ± 2.76 | 1.600 | 0.122 |
| Anxiety | 11.59 ± 3.75 | 10.04 ± 2.32 | 1.750 | 0.087 |
| Stress | 13.23 ± 3.57 | 12.62 ± 3.23 | 0.600 | 0.536 |
P represents level of significance from independent-samples t-test and chi-square as appropriate. NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; SF-MPQ: Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. ∗P < 0.05; NA: not applicable.