Table 5.
Meal and rumination patterns, chewing behaviors (in 6 h), and times devoted to resting, standing, lying, drinking, and non-nutritive oral behaviors (NNOB) influenced by partial substitution of beet pulp (BP) for steam-flaked corn (SFC; SBP vs. SFC) in Holstein dairy calves (n = 24).
| Item | Treatment (Treat)1 |
SEM |
P-value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SFC | SBP | Treat | Period | Treat × Period | ||
| Meal chewing in 6 h | ||||||
| Bouts (frequency) | 13.5 | 13.1 | 0.47 | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.25 |
| Length, min | 2.5 | 3.3 | 0.11 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
| Interval, min | 24.4 | 24.4 | 2.90 | 0.58 | <0.01 | 0.83 |
| Eating rate, g of starter DM/min | 27.4 | 24.4 | 1.25 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.29 |
| Meal size, g of starter DM | 67.4 | 80.5 | 3.74 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.21 |
| Starter intake, g | 904.1 | 1045.5 | 46.31 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.17 |
| Rumination in 6 h | ||||||
| Bouts (frequency) | 3.7 | 4.1 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.78 |
| Length, min | 13.6 | 15.6 | 0.49 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Interval, min | 85.4 | 72.3 | 2.73 | <0.01 | 0.37 | 0.93 |
| Eating, min | 33.0 | 42.9 | 1.13 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
| Rumination, min | 49.0 | 64.1 | 1.87 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Resting, min | 50.0 | 39.8 | 2.50 | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.48 |
| Standing, min | 60.9 | 73.2 | 1.64 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 |
| Lying, min | 113.8 | 99.3 | 2.78 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 |
| Drinking, min | 4.6 | 4.4 | 0.24 | 0.42 | <0.01 | 0.21 |
| NNOB, min | 48.8 | 36.4 | 1.47 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
SEM = standard error of the mean.
1
SFC: starter diet containing SFC (65.7% of DM) without SBP; SBP: starter diet containing SBP (25% of DM) as replacement for SFC (43.5% of DM).