Table 3.

Results of multinomial regression estimating alcohol & cannabis co-use from traditional and cultural factors

	Cannabis Only						Alcohol Only						Non-Use
	B	SE	x 2	OR	95% CI	p	B	SE	x 2	OR	95% CI	p	B	SE	x 2	OR	95% CI	p
Covariates
Grade	−.35	.25	1.90	.71	.43–1.16	.168	−.94	.24	14.90	.39	.24–.63	<.001	−.64	.19	10.77	.53	.36–.77	.001
Sex (male)	.82	.57	2.09	2.26	.75–6.86	.148	.55	.53	1.10	1.74	.62–4.90	.295	.77	.44	3.00	2.15	.09–5.13	.083
Cigarette use	−.75	.73	1.04	.47	.11–1.99	.309	−2.48	.95	6.81	.08	.01–.54	.009	−3.43	.79	18.82	.03	.01–.15	<.001
Traditional Factors
Alcohol beliefs	−.38	.35	1.17	.68	.34–1.36	.279	.19	.34	.33	1.21	.63–2.35	.568	−.98	.28	12.60	.38	.22–.65	<.001
Cannabis beliefs	−.66	.60	1.20	.52	.16–1.68	.274	−.75	.45	2.83	.47	.20–1.13	.092	−.36	.36	1.03	.70	.35–1.40	.311
Internalizing symptoms	.14	.44	.10	1.15	.49–2.73	.857	.06	.41	.02	1.06	.48–2.38	.879	.02	.34	.01	1.03	.53–1.99	.943
Externalizing symptoms	−1.17	.48	5.91	.31	.12–.80	.015	−1.67	.47	12.46	.19	.08–.48	<.001	−1.71	.37	21.49	.188	.09–.37	<.001
Peer support	.17	.41	.16	1.18	.53–2.65	.687	−.19	.37	.27	.82	.40–1.72	.604	.20	.32	.40	1.22	.66–2.28	.526
Parental involvement	.50	.49	1.04	1.64	.63–4.26	.309	.05	.44	.01	1.05	.44–2.51	.909	.13	.37	.13	1.14	.56–2.33	.723
School engagement	−.47	.72	.43	.63	.15–2.56	.515	−.14	.73	.04	.87	.21–3.64	.850	.59	.59	.99	1.79	.57–5.68	.320
Neighborhood engagement	−.15	.37	.16	.86	.41–1.79	.686	−.88	.36	5.91	.42	.21–.84	.015	−.57	.29	3.83	.57	.32–1.00	.050
Cultural Factors
Public regard	.14	.42	.12	1.15	.51–2.61	.735	−.98	.38	6.72	.38	.18–.79	.010	−.64	.32	3.98	.53	.28–.99	.046
Private regard	.47	.50	.87	1.60	.60–4.29	.351	.07	.46	.02	1.07	.43–2.65	.881	.21	.38	.31	1.24	.59–2.60	.575
Exploration	−.33	.45	.56	.72	.30–1.72	.456	.82	.43	3.56	2.26	.97–5.29	.059	.35	.34	1.01	1.41	.72–2.77	.315

Note. Bold values indicate significant values at p < .05. Substance use categories are relative to reference group: alcohol and cannabis co-use.