Table 3.
Risk factors associated with 30-day readmission among diabetic patients undergoing major lower extremity amputation in Maryland (2013–2019).
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| ADI quartile | ||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2 | 1.31 (0.84, 2.01) | 0.229 | 1.31 (0.84, 2.06) | 0.226 |
| 3 | 0.83 (0.49, 1.41) | 0.487 | 0.79 (0.46, 1.35) | 0.384 |
| 4 | 1.55 (0.98, 2.44) | 0.060 | 1.32 (0.82, 2.14) | 0.254 |
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–39 | Ref | - | ||
| 40–64 | 1.48 (0.43, 5.07) | 0.534 | - | |
| ≥65 | 1.98 (0.58, 6.76) | 0.275 | - | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 1.52 (1.08, 2.13) | 0.015 | 1.45 (1.01, 2.06) | 0.042 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Black | 1.34 (0.96, 1.88) | 0.088 | 1.18 (0.82, 1.70) | 0.380 |
| Other/unknown | 0.17 (0.02, 1.29) | 0.087 | 0.21 (0.03, 1.58) | 0.129 |
| Geographic status | ||||
| Rural | Ref | - | ||
| Urban | 0.85 (0.48, 1.49) | 0.566 | - | |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | Ref | Ref | ||
| Medicare | 1.96 (1.15, 3.23) | 0.013 | 1.76 (1.01, 3.06) | 0.046 |
| Medicaid | 1.10 (0.56, 2.18) | 0.780 | 1.12 (0.55, 2.29) | 0.751 |
| Other/uninsured | - | - | - | - |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | ||
| Current | 1.01 (0.67, 1.53) | 0.971 | 1.07 (0.67, 1.70) | 0.772 |
| Former | 0.75 (0.48, 1.16) | 0.198 | 0.73 (0.46, 1.15) | 0.176 |
| Amputation level | ||||
| BKA | Ref | Ref | ||
| AKA | 1.37 (0.99, 1.92) | 0.061 | 1.22 (0.85, 1.74) | 0.276 |
| Discharge | ||||
| SNF/SAR | Ref | - | ||
| Home | 1.07 (0.68, 1.69) | 0.758 | - | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| HTN | 1.05 (0.75, 1.46) | 0.791 | - | - |
| DLD | 1.43 (1.02, 1.99) | 0.036 | 1.40 (0.99, 2.00) | 0.060 |
| CHF | 1.18 (0.83, 1.69) | 0.355 | - | - |
| CAD | 1.22 (0.87, 1.70) | 0.245 | 0.96 (0.66, 1.38) | 0.810 |
| PAD | 1.59 (1.13, 2.23) | 0.008 | 1.49 (1.04, 2.12) | 0.030 |
| CKD | 1.27 (0.91, 1.77) | 0.159 | 1.17 (0.82, 1.69) | 0.388 |
| PN | 0.54 (0.23, 1.29) | 0.169 | 0.48 (0.20, 1.18) | 0.112 |
| COPD | 1.39 (0.91, 2.13) | 0.128 | 1.23 (0.77, 1.95) | 0.392 |
Abbreviations: ADI, Area Deprivation Index; BKA, Below knee amputation; AKA, Above knee amputation; SNF, Skilled nursing facility; SAR, Subacute rehabilitation facility; HTN, Hypertension; DLD, Dyslipidemia; CHF, Congestive heart failure; CAD, Coronary artery disease; PAD, Peripheral artery disease; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; PN, Peripheral neuropathy; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.