Table 4.
Risk factors associated with 1-year reamputation among diabetic patients undergoing major lower extremity amputation in Maryland (2013–2019).
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI quartile | ||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2 | 1.47 (0.89, 2.42) | 0.136 | 1.49 (0.89, 2.49) | 0.129 |
| 3 | 1.16 (0.65, 2.08) | 0.618 | 1.17 (0.65, 2.13) | 0.595 |
| 4 | 1.96 (1.17, 3.29) | 0.010 | 1.74 (1.02, 2.97) | 0.042 |
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–39 | Ref | - | ||
| 40–64 | 0.85 (0.28, 2.57) | 0.779 | - | |
| ≥65 | 0.90 (0.30, 2.72) | 0.858 | - | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 1.44 (0.99, 2.10) | 0.059 | 1.31 (0.89, 1.94) | 0.176 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Black | 1.46 (1.00, 2.14) | 0.048 | 1.30 (0.87, 1.93) | 0.201 |
| Other/unknown | 0.53 (0.12, 2.30) | 0.397 | 0.63 (0.14, 2.80) | 0.545 |
| Geographic status | ||||
| Rural | Ref | - | ||
| Urban | 1.19 (0.59, 2.37) | 0.625 | - | |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | Ref | Ref | ||
| Medicare | 1.72 (0.95, 3.11) | 0.073 | 1.36 (0.74, 2.51) | 0.322 |
| Medicaid | 1.38 (0.66, 2.87) | 0.390 | 1.24 (0.58, 2.64) | 0.582 |
| Other/uninsured | 1.22 (0.25, 5.89) | 0.805 | 1.27 (0.26, 6.24) | 0.772 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | Ref | - | ||
| Current | 1.15 (0.72, 1.83) | 0.472 | - | |
| Former | 1.23 (0.78, 1.94) | 0.383 | - | |
| Amputation level | ||||
| BKA | Ref | - | ||
| AKA | 1.00 (0.69, 1.45) | 0.984 | - | |
| Discharge | ||||
| SNF/SAR | Ref | - | ||
| Home | 0.73 (0.42, 1.27) | 0.261 | - | |
| Readmission for infection | 2.82 (1.65, 4.83) | <0.001 | 2.65 (1.52, 4.63) | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| HTN | 1.05 (0.72, 1.52) | 0.811 | - | |
| DLD | 1.08 (0.74, 1.56) | 0.693 | - | |
| CHF | 1.58 (1.08, 2.32) | 0.020 | 1.53 (1.03, 2.29) | 0.037 |
| CAD | 1.20 (0.83, 1.73) | 0.344 | - | |
| PAD | 1.82 (1.24, 2.68) | 0.002 | 1.59 (1.07, 2.37) | 0.010 |
| CKD | 1.13 (0.78, 1.64) | 0.507 | - | |
| PN | 1.09 (0.50, 2.36) | 0.834 | - | |
| COPD | 1.22 (0.75, 1.98) | 0.420 | - |
Abbreviations: ADI, Area Deprivation Index; BKA, Below knee amputation; AKA, Above knee amputation; SNF, Skilled nursing facility; SAR, Subacute rehabilitation facility; HTN, Hypertension; DLD, Dyslipidemia; CHF, Congestive heart failure; CAD, Coronary artery disease; PAD, Peripheral artery disease; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; PN, Peripheral neuropathy; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.