Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of HFpEF and HFrEF Groups by Treatment Arm.
| HFpEF | HFrEF | HFpEF/HFrEF p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | All (N=185) | Rehabilitation Intervention (N=93) | Attention Control (N=92) | All (N=164) | Rehabilitation Intervention (N=82) | Attention Control (N=82) | |
| Age, years | 72.6±8.1 | 72.7±8.5 | 72.4±7.8 | 72.8±8.1 | 73.5±8.5 | 72.0±7.5 | 0.83 |
| Women | 112 (61%) | 54 (58%) | 58 (63%) | 71 (43%) | 31 (38%) | 40 (49%) | 0.001 |
| Non-white | 83 (45%) | 41 (44%) | 42 (46%) | 89 (54%) | 40 (49%) | 49 (60%) | 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.0±8.8 | 35.4±8.3 | 34.7±9.3 | 30.5±7.4 | 29.9±7.0 | 31.1±8.0 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131±23 | 130±22 | 132±24 | 121±19 | 121±20 | 121±19 | <0.001 |
| NYHA Class | |||||||
| II | 34 (18%) | 17 (18%) | 17 (18%) | 33 (20%) | 17 (21%) | 16 (20%) | 0.71 |
| III | 97 (52%) | 54 (58%) | 43 (47%) | 93 (57%) | 46 (56%) | 47 (57%) | |
| IV | 41 (22%) | 18 (19%) | 23 (25%) | 27 (16%) | 14 (17%) | 13 (16%) | |
| Unknown | 13 (7%) | 4 (4%) | 9 (10%) | 11 (7%) | 5 (6%) | 6 (7%) | |
| B-type natriuretic peptide, pg/mL (n=113), median (IQR) | 409 (178–673) | 463 (208–684) | 330 (160–650) | 1041 (608–1661) | 1048 (641–1586) | 985 (591–1661) | <0.001 |
| N-terminal proBNP, pg/mL (n=56), median (IQR) | 2378 (1152–4314) | 2094 (1353–3761) | 2738 (791–4547) | 4725 (2180–9511) | 6812 (3131–11851) | 3065 (1510–5851) | <0.001 |
| Index hospital length of stay, days | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–7) | 3 (5–7) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.25 |
| Prior hospitalization last 6 months | 85 (46%) | 40 (43%) | 45 (49%) | 71 (43%) | 36 (44%) | 35 (43%) | 0.62 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 175 (95%) | 89 (96%) | 86 (93%) | 146 (89%) | 70 (85%) | 76 (93%) | 0.06 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 25 (14%) | 12 (13%) | 13 (14%) | 38 (23%) | 19 (23%) | 19 (23%) | 0.019 |
| History of coronary revascularization | 52 (28%) | 27 (29%) | 25 (27%) | 50 (30%) | 28 (34%) | 22 (27%) | 0.63 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 103 (56%) | 52 (56%) | 51 (55%) | 73 (45%) | 37 (45%) | 35 (44%) | 0.037 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 103 (56%) | 62 (67%) | 41 (45%) | 79 (48%) | 39 (48%) | 40 (49%) | 0.16 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 124 (67%) | 60 (65%) | 64 (70%) | 106 (65%) | 50 (61%) | 56 (68%) | 0.64 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 59 (32%) | 36 (39%) | 23 (25%) | 39 (24%) | 18 (22%) | 21 (26%) | 0.09 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 61 (33%) | 29 (31%) | 32 (35%) | 56 (34%) | 30 (37%) | 26 (32%) | 0.82 |
| Stroke | 30 (16%) | 14 (15%) | 16 (17%) | 22 (13%) | 12 (15%) | 10 (12%) | 0.46 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 26 (14%) | 15 (16%) | 11 (12%) | 14 (9%) | 12 (15%) | 2 (2%) | 0.11 |
| Arthritis, muscle/joint pain, or connective tissue disease | 93 (50%) | 53 (57%) | 40 (43%) | 61 (37%) | 31 (38%) | 30 (37%) | 0.014 |
| History of Cancer | 36 (19%) | 18 (19%) | 18 (20%) | 39 (24%) | 24 (29%) | 15 (18%) | 0.33 |
| Sleep disordered breathing | 89 (48%) | 49 (53%) | 40 (43%) | 36 (22%) | 19 (23%) | 17 (21%) | <0.001 |
| Depression | 43 (23%) | 20 (22%) | 23 (25%) | 19 (12%) | 9 (11%) | 10 (12%) | 0.005 |
| Dementia or cognitive impairment | 4 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 6 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 0.40 |
| Urinary incontinence* | 22 (14%) | 12 (15%) | 10 (13%) | 18 (14%) | 7 (11%) | 11 (17%) | 0.87 |
| Patients with falls in last 3 months† | 24 (15%) | 13 (16%) | 11 (14%) | 20 (15%) | 11 (16%) | 9 (14%) | 0.93 |
| Heart Failure Therapies (at discharge) | |||||||
| Loop diuretic | 172 (94%) | 86 (92%) | 86 (95%) | 154 (94%) | 76 (93%) | 78 (95%) | 0.87 |
| Beta-blocker | 130 (71%) | 65 (70%) | 65 (71%) | 146 (89%) | 73 (89%) | 73 (89%) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 59 (32%) | 29 (31%) | 30 (33%) | 72 (44%) | 36 (44%) | 36 (44%) | 0.023 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 32 (17%) | 19 (20%) | 13 (14%) | 43 (26%) | 19 (23%) | 24 (29%) | 0.046 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 27 (15%) | 13 (14%) | 14 (15%) | 36 (22%) | 16 (20%) | 20 (24%) | 0.08 |
| Digoxin | 8 (4%) | 4 (4%) | 4 (4%) | 11 (7%) | 4 (5%) | 7 (9%) | 0.33 |
| Insulin | 62 (34%) | 35 (38%) | 27 (30%) | 37 (23%) | 19 (23%) | 18 (22%) | 0.022 |
| Oral Diabetic Agents | 51 (28%) | 36 (39%) | 18 (20%) | 34 (21%) | 16 (20%) | 19 (22%) | 0.13 |
| Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (3%) | 57 (35%) | 32 (39%) | 25 (30%) | <0.001 |
| Biventricular pacemaker | 5 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 20 (12%) | 9 (11%) | 11 (13%) | <0.001 |
Values shown as N (%), mean±SD or median (IQR). Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; NYHA: New York Heart Association; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; HF: heart failure.
*
Data collection in AC=76, RI=78.
†
Data collection in AC=77, RI=79