Table 3.
Treatment.
| Total | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard risk | High TE- and MB- risk | High M- andHF- risk | |||
| (n = 573) | (n = 429) | (n = 24) | (n = 120) | ||
| Number of drugs | 7.9 ± 6.9 | 6.9 ± 6.1 | 10.9 ± 10.0 | 10.9 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 468 (81.7) | 349 (81.4) | 21 (87.5) | 98 (81.7) | 0.751 |
| Warfarin | 225 (39.3) | 146 (34.0) | 15 (62.5) | 64 (53.3) | <0.001 |
| Time in therapeutic range, % | 49.1 ± 28.6 | 50.9 ± 28.4 | 48.1 ± 33.3 | 45.7 ± 27.9 | 0.527 |
| Time in therapeutic range < 60% | 113 (19.7) | 68 (15.9) | 7 (29.2) | 38 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 243 (42.4) | 202 (47.1) | 7 (29.2) | 34 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| Dabigatran | 54 (9.4) | 48 (11.2) | 2 (8.3) | 4 (3.3) | 0.033 |
| Rivaroxaban | 50 (8.7) | 37 (8.6) | 1 (4.2) | 12 (10.0) | 0.645 |
| Apixaban | 94 (16.4) | 75 (17.5) | 3 (12.5) | 16 (13.3) | 0.483 |
| Edoxaban | 45 (7.9) | 42 (9.8) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (1.7) | 0.011 |
| Off-label reduced dose | 67 (11.7) | 55 (12.8) | 3 (12.5) | 9 (7.5) | 0.274 |
| Antiplatelet | 190 (33.2) | 135 (31.5) | 8 (33.3) | 47 (39.2) | 0.285 |
| Aspirin | 176 (30.7) | 123 (28.7) | 7 (29.2) | 46 (38.3) | 0.126 |
| Thienopyridine | 54 (9.4) | 43 (10.0) | 1 (4.2) | 10 (8.3) | 0.570 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 44 (7.7) | 34 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (8.3) | 0.349 |
| Pharmacological therapy | |||||
| Antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm control | 100 (17.5) | 82 (19.1) | 2 (8.3) | 16 (13.3) | 0.164 |
| Class I | 79 (13.8) | 69 (16.1) | 1 (4.2) | 9 (7.5) | 0.021 |
| Class III | 21 (3.7) | 13 (3.0) | 1 (4.2) | 7 (5.8) | 0.349 |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs for rate control | 312 (54.5) | 216 (50.3) | 16 (66.7) | 80 (66.7) | 0.003 |
| Class II | 255 (44.5) | 175 (40.8) | 14 (58.3) | 66 (55.0) | 0.008 |
| Class IV | 89 (15.5) | 67 (15.6) | 5 (20.8) | 17 (14.2) | 0.709 |
| Digoxin | 60 (10.5) | 43 (10.0) | 2 (8.3) | 15 (12.5) | 0.692 |
| Neither of drugs for rhythm or rate control | 230 (40.1) | 186 (43.4) | 7 (29.2) | 37 (30.8) | 0.025 |
| Non-pharmacological therapy | |||||
| History of catheter ablation for AF at baseline | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.714 |
| History of pacing device implantation at baseline | 10 (1.7) | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.3) | 0.288 |
| Treatment during the observation period | |||||
| Electronic cardioversion for AF | 22 (3.8) | 18 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (2.5) | 0.692 |
| Catheter ablation for AF | 38 (6.6) | 38 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001 |
| Maze procedure | 6 (1.0) | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.7) | 0.686 |
| Pacemaker implantation | 45 (7.9) | 33 (7.7) | 1 (4.2) | 11 (9.2) | 0.687 |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 5 (0.9) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.7) | 0.539 |
TE- and MB-, thromboembolism and major bleeding; M- and HF-, mortality and heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation.