Table 3.
The Mean Difference Statistical Analysis of Baseline and Follow Up Mean Pain Scores in the Recorded 55 Episodes from 17 Studies Based on the PROMs, Anatomical Targets, and Follow Up Periods
| Author ref | Anatomic Target | FU Period | PROMS Instr. | Mean Baseline Score (±SD) | Mean Sham FU Score (±SD) | MD (P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laclaire9 | Facet | Early | ODI | 36.4 (±14.6) | 34.4(±9.4) | 2 (P=0.504) |
| VAS | 5.15 (±2.08) | 5.21 (±2.36) | −0.06 (P=0.912) | |||
| Interm | ODI | 36.4 (±14.6) | 33.7 (±9.1) | 2.7 (P=0.364) | ||
| VAS | 5.15 (±2.08) | 4.44 (±2.73) | 0.7 (P=0.232) | |||
| Pauza10 | Disc | Late | ODI | 33(±11) | 28 (±15) | 5 (P=0.194) |
| VAS | 6.5 (±1.9) | 5.4 (±2.7) | 1.1 (P=0.11) | |||
| SF-36 | 35 (±12) | 44 (±20) | −9 (P=0.065) | |||
| Oh11 | RCN | Interm | VAS | 7 (±1.6) | 6.3 (±1.1) | 0.7 (P=0.091) |
| SF-36 | 28.8 (±3.6) | 32.4 (±5.1) | −3.6 (P=0.008) | |||
| Freeman12 | Disc | Late | ODI | 40.74 (±11.84) | 41.58 (±11.29) | −0.84 (P=0.824) |
| SF-36 | 24.42 (13.45) | 31.47 (±15.29) | −7.05 (P=0.14) | |||
| Van Wijik13 | Facet | Interm | SF-36 | 31.2 (±15.3) | 42.8(±20.6) | −11.6 (P=0.005) |
| Tekin14 | Facet | Early | ODI | 40.1 (±2.8) | 30.5 (±5.7) | 9.6 (P<0.001) |
| VAS | 6.8 (±1.6) | 4.3 (±1) | 2.5 (P<0.001) | |||
| Late | ODI | 40.1 (±2.8) | 28.9 (±5.7) | 11.2 (P<0.001) | ||
| VAS | 6.8 (±1.6) | 3.1 (±0.8) | 3.7 (P<0.001) | |||
| Cohen15 | SIJ | Early | ODI | 47.9(±9.3) | 43.6 (±14) | 4.3 (P=0.347) |
| NRS | 6.5 (±1.9) | 6.3 (±2.40) | 0.2 (P=0.809) | |||
| Interm | ODI | 47.9 (±9.3) | 24 (±8.5) | 23.9 (P<0.001) | ||
| NRS | 6.5 (±1.9) | 6 (±2.4) | 0.5 (P=0.546) | |||
| Kvarstein16 | Disc | Late | ODI | 30.4 (±15.3) | 28.2(±13.1) | 2.2 (P=0.734) |
| SF-36 | 32.5 (±14.8) | 35.3(±18.6) | −2.8 (P=0.714) | |||
| Peng17 | Disc | Late | ODI | 49.37 (±6.79) | 48.4 (±7.77) | 0.97 (P=0.575) |
| NRS | 6.73 (±1.15) | 6.35 (±1.17) | 0.38 (P=0.169) | |||
| Cao18 (Group A) | Disc | Interm | ODI | 37.9 (±14.65) | 42 (±13.92) | −4.1 (P=0.37) |
| VAS | 7.1 (±1.61) | 7 (±1.33) | 0.1 (P=832) | |||
| Late | ODI | 37.9 (±14.65) | 44.4 (±13.98) | −6.5 P=0.159) | ||
| VAS | 7.1 (±1.61) | 7.5 (±1.08) | −0.4 (P=0.362) | |||
| Cao18 (Group B) | Disc | Interm | ODI | 32.4 (±9.65) | 33.3 (±10.63) | −0.9 (P=0.781) |
| VAS | 6.5 (±1.2) | 6.8 (±1.03) | −0.3 (P=0.402) | |||
| Late | ODI | 32.4(±9.65) | 33.8 (±11.95) | −1.4 (P=0.686) | ||
| VAS | 6.5 (±1.2) | 6.4 (±1.07) | 0.1 (P=0.782) | |||
| Patel19 | SIJ | Early | ODI | 35 (±10) | 31(±11) | 4 (P=0.276) |
| NRS | 5.8 (±1.3) | 4.1(±2.0) | 1.7 (P=0.006) | |||
| SF-36 | 43 (±10) | 45(±11) | 2 (P=0.595) | |||
| Interm | ODI | 35 (±10) | 37(±6) | −2 (P=0.485) | ||
| NRS | 5.8 (±1.3) | 5(±2.4) | 0.8 (P=0.236) | |||
| SF-36 | 43 (±10) | 42(±13) | 1 (P=0.809) | |||
| Manchikanti20 | Caudal | Interm | ODI | 28.3 (±4.92) | 16.3 (±7.2) | 12 (P<0.001) |
| NRS | 8 (±0.9) | 4.2 (±1.8) | 3.8 (P<0.001) | |||
| Late | ODI | 28.3 (±4.92) | 16.4 (±7.4) | 11.9 (P<0.001) | ||
| NRS | 8 (±0.9) | 4.1 (±1.8) | 3.9 (P< 0.001) | |||
| Kapural21 | Disc | Early | ODI | 40.93 (±13.56) | 39.85 (±17.03) | 1.08 (P=0.787) |
| NRS | 7.18 (±1.98) | 5.72 (±2.29) | 1.46 (P=0.012) | |||
| Interm | ODI | 40.93 (±13.56) | 40.44 (±16.21) | 0.49 (P=0.9) | ||
| NRS | 7.18 (±1.98) | 5.98 (±2.36) | 1.2 (P=0.041) | |||
| Late | ODI | 40.93 (±13.56) | 41.17 (±13.94) | −0.24 (P=0.946) | ||
| NRS | 7.18 (±1.98) | 6.58 (±2.11) | 0.6 (P=0.268) | |||
| Van Tilburg22 | Facet | Early | NRS | 7.4 (±0.8) | 5.5 (±1.9) | 1.9 (P=0.005) |
| Van Tibugh23 | SIJ | Early | NRS | 7.5 (±1.2) | 5.4 (±1.9) | 2.1 (P<0.001) |
| Van Tiburg24 | RCN | Early | NRS | 7.8 (±1.05) | 5.7 (±2.28) | 2.1 (P<0.001) |
| Fishgrund25 | BVN | Interm | ODI | 41.2 (±10.38) | 25.8 (±17.44) | 15.4 (P<0.001) |
| VAS | 6.64 (±1.34) | 4.14 (±2.64) | 2.5 (P<0.001) | |||
| Late | ODI | 41.2 (±10.38) | 25.1 (±15.29) | 16.1 (P<0.001) | ||
| VAS | 6.64 (±1.34) | 4.41 (±2.76) | 2.23 (P<0.001) |
Notes: Early, 0–2 months; intermediate, >2–4 months; late, >4–6 months.
Abbreviations: No, number; FU, follow up; Instr, instrument; RROMS, patient reported outcome measures; MD, mean difference; SD, standard deviation; Interm, intermediate; BVN, basivertebral nerve; RCN, Ramus Communicans Nerve; SIJ, sacroiliac joint; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; SF-36, Short Form −36.