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. 2021 Oct 4;11:19004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98433-7

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Various oxidized compounds detected from reaction products converted by wild-type CYP102A1. (A) (S)-(−)-Limonene (1) was converted to 14 oxidized compounds, i.e., limonene-1,2-epoxide and its isomer (2, 3), limonene-8,9-epoxide and its isomer (4, 5), cis-isopiperitenol (6), (−)-perillaldehyde (7), limonene diepoxide and its isomers (8–11), trans-carveol (12), cis-carveol (13), perillyl alcohol (14) and limonene-1,2-diol (15). (B) The enzyme converted p-cymene (16) to six compounds, i.e., p-cymenene (17), cuminaldehyde (18), p,α,α-trimethylbenzyl alcohol (19), 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol (20), thymol (21), and carvacrol (22).