TABLE 1.
Chemical constituents in the genus Sanguisorba (2008–2020).
| No. | Name | Classification | Plant sources | Extraction solvent andparts | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triterpenes | |||||
| 1 | Changyediyuine I | triterpenes | S. longifolia Bertol | 95% EtOH extract of powdered dried roots | Shen et al. (2008) |
| 2 | Changyediyuine II | triterpenes | S. longifolia Bertol | 95% EtOH extract of powdered dried roots | Shen et al. (2008) |
| 3 | Changyediyuine III | triterpenes | S. longifolia Bertol | 95% EtOH extract of powdered dried roots | Shen et al. (2008) |
| 4 | arjunic acid | triterpenes (oleanane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Ponou et al. (2011) |
| 5 | 2-oxo-3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-acid 28-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester | triterpenes | S. tenuifolia | 70% EtOH extract of dried roots | Kuang et al. (2011) |
| 6 | 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester | triterpenes | S. tenuifolia | 70% EtOH extract of dried roots | Kuang et al. (2011) |
| 7 | 2α,3α,9α,24-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | 75% ethanol extract of the dried and powdered stems and roots | Wang et al. (2014) |
| 8 | 1α,2β,3β,19α-tretrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | 70–80% EtOAc/hexanes extract of the roots | Eyong et al. (2017) |
| 9 | 3-oxo-15α,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| 10 | 3-oxo-7β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| 11 | 18,19-seco,1β-hydroxyl-3,19-dioxo-urs-11,13 (18)-dien-28-oic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| 12 | 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| 13 | 19α-hydroxy ursolic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| 14 | ursolic acid | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| 15 | 3-oxo-urs-11,13 (18)-dien-19,28-olide | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | ethanol extract of roots | Wang et al. (2019b) |
| 16 | (+)-3β-hydroxy-ursan-28-oleic acid | triterpenes | S. officinal | MeOH/H2O and EtOH/H2O extract of fresh flowers | Bunse et al. (2020) |
| 17 | 3β-[(α-l-arabinopyranosyl) oxy]-urs-12,18 (19)-dien-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester | triterpenes | S. officinal | MeOH/H2O and EtOH/H2O extract of fresh flowers | Bunse et al. (2020) |
| 18 | 2,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxours-1,12-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 19 | 3α,19α,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid | triterpenes (oleanane) | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 20 | 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester | triterpenes (ursane) | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 21 | 7-dimethyl-8-hydroxyoctadien-1-ol | triterpenes | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| Phenols | |||||
| 22 | methyl 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-5-hydroxy-3-methoxylbenzoate | phenols | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried roots | Zhang J. et al. (2012) |
| 23 | 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid | phenols | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried roots | Zhang J. et al. (2012) |
| 24 | fisetinidol-(4α-8)-catechin | phenols | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried roots | Zhang J. et al. (2012) |
| 25 | α–resorcylic | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 26 | β–resorcylic | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 27 | protocatechuic | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 28 | gentisie | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 29 | p-hydroxyphenylacetic | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 30 | p-coumaric(E+Z) | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 31 | syringic | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 32 | vanillic | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 33 | sinapic(E+Z) | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 80% methanol extract of air-dried rhizomes and herbaceous tissues | Biernasiuk et al. (2015) |
| 34 | (-)-epigallocatechin | phenols | S. officinal | methanol extract of air-dry raw material | Bączek, (2015) |
| 35 | (-)-epicatechin | phenols | S. officinal | methanol extract of air-dry raw material | Bączek, (2015) |
| 37 | (-)-epigallocatechin gallate | phenols | S. officinal | methanol extract of air-dry raw material | Bączek, (2015) |
| 38 | (-)-epicatechin gallate | phenols | S. officinal | methanol extract of air-dry raw material | Bączek, (2015) |
| 39 | astragalin | phenols | S. officinal | methanol extract of air-dry raw material | Bączek, (2015) |
| 40 | apigenin-O-deoxyhexoside | phenols | S. minor | n.d. | Guarrera and Savo, (2016) |
| 41 | quercetin-galloyl-hexoside | phenols | S. minor | lyophilized young leaves and stems were added to the vegetable oils | Romojaro et al. (2018) |
| 45 | taxifolin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | phenols | S. officinal | MeOH extract of the dried crushed roots | Su et al. (2018a) |
| 46 | methyl 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate. | phenols | S. officinal | methanol and Aqueous extract of the roots | Su et al. (2018b) |
| 47 | methyl 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate | phenols | S. officinal | MeOH, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water extracts | Su et al. (2019) |
| 48 | apigenin derivatives | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 49 | chlorogenic | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 50 | caffei | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 51 | chicoric acid derivatives | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 52 | pedunculagin | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 53 | B-type(epi)catechin tetramer | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 54 | sanguiin H-10 isomer 1 | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 55 | punicalagin gallate | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 56 | lambertianin C | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 57 | sanguiin H-10 isomer 2 | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 58 | galloyl-bis-HHDP- glucoside | phenols | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 59 | ellagic acid hexoside | phenols | S. obtusa | 80% methanol extract of aerial parts and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 60 | gallic acid glycoside | phenolic acids | S . officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 61 | digalloyl hexoside | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 62 | brevifolin-carboxylic acid isomers | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 63 | trigalloyl-hexoside | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 64 | methoxy trihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester-O-sulfate | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 65 | ellagic acid-pentose | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 66 | ethyl gallate | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 67 | galloyl-ellagic acid | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 68 | methyl-ellagic acid-pentose | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 69 | 3,3′-O-dimethyl ellagic acid-sulfate | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 70 | methoxy trihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester-O-sulfate | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 71 | 3,4′-O-dimethyl ellagic acid | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 72 | 3,3′,4′-O-trimethyl ellagic acid | phenolic acids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 73 | cyanidin-galloyl-hexose | phenols | S. officinal | MeOH/H2O and EtOH/H2O extract of fresh flowers | Bunse et al. (2020) |
| 74 | cyanidin-malonyl-glucose | phenols | S. officinal | MeOH/H2O and EtOH/H2O extract of fresh flowers | Bunse et al. (2020) |
| 75 | β-hydroxypro-piovanillone | phenols | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020a) |
| 76 | methyl 3-O-methyl-gallate | phenols | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020a) |
| 77 | chavicol 4-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl- (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside | phenols | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020a) |
| 78 | 2-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | phenols | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020a) |
| 79 | sanguisorbaside A | phenolic glycosides | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020a) |
| 80 | sanguisorbaside B | phenolic glycosides | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020a) |
| Flavonoids | |||||
| 81 | fisetinidol-(4α-8)- catechin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried roots | Zhang S. et al. (2012) |
| 82 | quercetin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 83 | epicatechin-(4→8)-gallocat- echin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 84 | taxifolin-7-O-β-D- glucopyranoside | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 85 | gallocatechin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 86 | isorhamnetin hexoside III | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 87 | taxifolin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 88 | isorhamnetin-sulfate | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 89 | isorhamnetin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 90 | swertianolin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 91 | baicalin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 92 | okanin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 70% ethanol extract of the dried powder | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 93 | taxifolin 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | flavonoids | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 94 | (2R,3R)-(+)-dihydrokaempferol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside | flavonoids | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 95 | maesopsin-6-O-glucopyranoside | flavonoids | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 96 | (−)-gallocatechin | flavonoids | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 97 | taxifolin 3-O-glucoside | flavonoids | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| Other compounds | |||||
| 98 | (7S,8R)-4,9,5′,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside | neolignans | S. officinal | 80% EtOH extract of the roots | Hu et al. (2012) |
| 99 | (7S,8R)-4,9,9′-trihydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside | neolignans | S. officinal | 80% EtOH extract of the roots | Hu et al. (2012) |
| 100 | (7S,8R)-4,7,9,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8-O-4′- neolignan | neolignans | S. officinal | 80% EtOH extract of the roots | Hu et al. (2012) |
| 101 | 9-O-[6-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-4-hydroxycinnamic acid | phenylpropanoid glycosides | S. officinal | 80% EtOH extract of the roots | Hu et al. (2012) |
| 102 | 8-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(R)-(+)-3,4,8-trihydroxy methyl phenylpropionate | phenylpropanoid glycosides | S. officinal | 80% EtOH extract of the roots | Hu et al. (2012) |
| 103 | β-sitosterol | sterol | S. officinal | 80% chloroform-methanol extract of the herb and underground organs | Mirgos et al. (2012) |
| 104 | β-sitosterol D-glucoside | sterol | S. officinal | 80% chloroform-methanol extract of the herb and underground organs | Mirgos et al. (2012) |
| 105 | campesterol | sterol | S. officinal | 80% chloroform-methanol extract of the herb and underground organs | Mirgos et al. (2012) |
| 106 | stigmasterol | sterol | S. officinal | 80% chloroform-methanol extract of the herb and underground organs | Mirgos et al. (2012) |
| 107 | brassicasterol | sterol | S. officinal | 80% chloroform-methanol extract of the herb and underground organs | Mirgos et al. (2012) |
| 108 | rosamultin | saponins | S. officinal | MeOH extract of the dried crushed roots | Su et al. (2018a) |
| 109 | kajiichigoside F1 | saponins | S. officinal | MeOH extract of the dried crushed roots | Su et al. (2018a) |
| 110 | (+)-5-methoxyl-cycloolivil | aryl-tetralin-type lignans | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the whole plants | Wang et al. (2018) |
| 111 | (+)-5,5′-dimethoxyl-cycloolivil | aryl-tetralin-type lignans | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the whole plants | Wang et al. (2018) |
| 112 | (2E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl 6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | MeOH extract of the dried crushed roots | Su et al. (2018a) |
| 113 | (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl 6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | MeOH extract of the dried crushed roots | Su et al. (2018b) |
| 114 | 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | methanol and aqueous extract of the roots | Su et al. (2018b) |
| 115 | (2E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl 6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | methanol and aqueous extract of the roots | Su et al. (2018b) |
| 116 | (2E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl 6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | methanol and aqueous extract of the roots | Su et al. (2018b) |
| 117 | (2E,6Z)-3,7-dimethyl-8-hydroxyoctadien-1-ol | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried and powdered | Guo et al. (2019) |
| 118 | 8-hydroxygeraniol-1-O-(6-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried and powdered | Guo et al. (2019) |
| 119 | 8-hydroxygeraniol-1-O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside | monoterpenoid glycosides | S. officinal | 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried and powdered | Guo et al. (2019) |
| 120 | ethyl isobutyrate hexanal | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 121 | (Z)-4-heptenalb octanal | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 122 | (Z)-3-hexenol linalool oxide | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 123 | (Z)-4-heptenal acetic acidc | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 124 | (Z)-3-hexenol nonanal | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 125 | linalool | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 126 | (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal α-terpineol | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 127 | verbenone | terpenoids | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 128 | (E)-2-nonenal linalool | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 129 | ethyl isobutyrate (Z)-3-hexenalb | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 130 | (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal ethyl isobutyrate (Z)-4-heptenalby | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 131 | (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 132 | octanal rose oxide | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 133 | (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 134 | acetic ancid | essential oils | S. albanica | stems, leaves, and flowers in Thymol | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 135 | α-linolenic acid | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Sabbatini et al. (2019) |
| 136 | palmitic | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 137 | linoleic acid | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 138 | stearic | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 139 | tricosylic | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 140 | lauric | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 141 | eicosatrie-noic acid | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 142 | dihomo-γ-linolenic | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 143 | behenic acids | fatty acid | S. minor | 80% methanol extract of leaves, stems and roots | Karkanis et al. (2019) |
| 144 | 2-phenylethylamine | amine | S. officinal | MeOH/H2O and EtOH/H2O extract of fresh flowers | Bunse et al. (2020) |
| 145 | β-L-arabinofuranoside | glycosides | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 146 | n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside | glycosides | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
| 147 | lyoniside | lignan | S. officinal | 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots | Wang et al. (2020b) |
n.d, no data.