Table 4.
Sample size, median survival, 2-year survival and adjusted hazard ratios for death comparing de novo metastatic cases with and without lung metastasis, stratified by primary site of origin.
| Site | N | Median follow-up (m) | Lung metastasis | No lung metastasis | HR | 95% CI | P -value | Adjusted P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS (m) | 2-year OS (%) | MS (m) | 2-year OS (%) | |||||||
| All sites | 333,410 | 33 | 5 | 17.5 | 7 | 22.3 | 1.22 | [1.21–1.23] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Anus, anal canal and anorectum | 706 | 36 | 12 | 27.5 | 18 | 38.6 | 1.52 | [1.22–1.88] | <0.001 | 0.002* |
| Biliary tract | 5,836 | 31 | 3 | 4.5 | 4 | 7.9 | 1.25 | [1.17–1.34] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Bone and soft tissue | 3,290 | 33 | 11 | 29.3 | 12 | 34.4 | 1.29 | [1.18–1.42] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Breast | 20,393 | 33 | 18 | 42.1 | 30 | 56.5 | 1.46 | [1.40–1.52] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Cervix uteri | 2,612 | 30 | 6 | 17.7 | 14 | 33.6 | 1.47 | [1.33–1.63] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Colon | 30,862 | 34 | 7 | 19.9 | 13 | 32.0 | 1.20 | [1.16–1.24] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Esophagus | 6,859 | 36 | 4 | 6.8 | 6 | 9.5 | 1.26 | [1.19–1.33] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Hypopharynx | 273 | 41 | 8 | 12.7 | 6 | 11.4 | 1.04 | [0.79–1.38] | 0.779 | 1.000 |
| Kidney and renal pelvis | 11,746 | 33 | 6 | 18.6 | 8 | 27.3 | 1.45 | [1.39–1.52] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Larynx | 564 | 34 | 7 | 14.3 | 10 | 25.1 | 1.71 | [1.38–2.12] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Liver | 5,051 | 31 | 1 | 4.6 | 3 | 6.5 | 1.46 | [1.37–1.55] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Lung and bronchus | 136,608 | 34 | 4 | 11.8 | 4 | 10.6 | 1.00 | [0.99–1.02] | 0.488 | 1.000 |
| Melanoma of the skin | 4,496 | 30 | 6 | 18.9 | 12 | 35.0 | 1.47 | [1.36–1.58] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Mesothelioma | 970 | 34 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 16.8 | 1.10 | [0.94–1.30] | 0.237 | 1.000 |
| Nasopharynx | 368 | 32 | 14 | 31.8 | 17 | 38.0 | 1.43 | [1.06–1.92] | 0.019 | 0.167 |
| Oral cavity excl. tongue | 338 | 29 | 7 | 22.6 | 8 | 19.9 | 1.23 | [0.92–1.63] | 0.157 | 0.942 |
| Oropharynx | 170 | 37 | 5 | 7.1 | 11 | 14.1 | 1.85 | [1.26–2.73] | 0.002 | 0.019* |
| Ovary | 8,631 | 34 | 12 | 32.9 | 19 | 43.3 | 1.27 | [1.19–1.35] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Pancreas | 31,378 | 32 | 2 | 4.1 | 3 | 7.0 | 1.22 | [1.19–1.26] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Penis | 77 | 21 | 6 | 10.0 | 10 | 29.1 | 1.70 | [0.90–3.20] | 0.102 | 0.714 |
| Peritoneum, omentum and mesentery | 1,002 | 36 | 22 | 46.9 | 26 | 51.0 | 1.15 | [0.93–1.41] | 0.207 | 1.000 |
| Prostate | 17,241 | 31 | 18 | 40.6 | 26 | 52.2 | 1.36 | [1.26–1.46] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Rectosigmoid junction | 3,500 | 35 | 12 | 27.3 | 18 | 39.5 | 1.18 | [1.08–1.30] | <0.001 | 0.003* |
| Rectum | 7,685 | 33 | 14 | 30.8 | 18 | 39.9 | 1.24 | [1.17–1.32] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Retroperitoneum | 318 | 36 | 9 | 25.5 | 20 | 45.5 | 1.57 | [1.18–2.08] | 0.002 | 0.019* |
| Salivary gland | 444 | 32 | 11 | 29.4 | 12 | 25.6 | 1.29 | [1.00–1.66] | 0.046 | 0.371 |
| Small intestine | 2,987 | 32 | 6 | 21.3 | 32 | 54.9 | 1.63 | [1.40–1.90] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Stomach | 12,207 | 32 | 3 | 6.8 | 5 | 12.3 | 1.26 | [1.20–1.33] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Testis | 1,697 | 33 | NR | 70.8 | NR | 83.9 | 2.14 | [1.69–2.70] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Thyroid | 1,702 | 32 | 10 | 39.6 | 69 | 63.6 | 1.63 | [1.39–1.92] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Tongue | 581 | 28 | 7 | 22.9 | 11 | 27.8 | 1.56 | [1.26–1.93] | <0.001 | 0.001* |
| Tonsil | 383 | 30 | 10 | 21.2 | 15 | 40.4 | 1.77 | [1.36–2.31] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Ureter | 283 | 39 | 5 | 3.2 | 6 | 11.5 | 1.15 | [0.88–1.51] | 0.314 | 1.000 |
| Urinary bladder | 4,002 | 35 | 4 | 7.6 | 5 | 11.0 | 1.24 | [1.15–1.33] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Uterus | 6,000 | 32 | 7 | 19.7 | 15 | 35.1 | 1.52 | [1.42–1.62] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Vulva and vagina | 500 | 29 | 4 | 16.5 | 12 | 31.3 | 2.32 | [1.86–1.91] | <0.001 | <0.001* |
P-values represent those from multiple Cox regression models and the adjusted P-values were corrected for multiple testing.
*
Statistically significant.
MS, median survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NR, not reached.