TABLE 1.

Cell death caused by nitrosative stress.

Type of cell death	When nitrosative stress increases
	The upregulated mediators	The downregulated mediators
Apoptosis	Cytochrome c, Bax, caspases	Bcl-2
Autophagy	Autophagy-lysosome signaling (Beclin1, LC3, LAMP2, and cathepsin B)	Protein kinase B (PKB)–Akt pathway, and the Akt–mTOR pathway
Ferroptosis	Lethal lipid peroxidation	–
Pyroptosis	Nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome	–
NETosis	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and myeloperoxidase	Histones H2A and H2B
Parthanatos	Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)	–