Table 1.
Association among socio-demographics, anxiety and depressive symptoms among adult wage earners in Bangladesh.
| Variables | n (N = 707) | Anxiety § | Depressive symptoms §§ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
| <25 | 112 (15.84%) | 1.26 (0.68-1.44) | 1.30 (0.66–2.57) | 2.29** (1.38–3.83) | 1.69 (0.85–3.36) |
| 25–35 | 441 (62.38%) | 0.99 (0.77–2.09) | 1.16 (0.73–1.86) | 1.19 (0.83–1.72) | 1.30 (0.82–2.05) |
| >35 | 154 (21.78%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 161 (22.77%) | 1.78** (1.22–2.59) | 1.69* (1.11–2.58) | 2.29** (1.57–3.34) | 1.97** (1.28–3.01) |
| Male | 546 (77.23%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Education | |||||
| Up to Higher secondary | 167 (23.62%) | 2.30** (1.57–3.37) | 1.22 (0.77–1.93) | 3.22** (2.17–4.76) | 1.95** (1.22–3.10) |
| Honors or above | 540 (76.38%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Occupation | |||||
| Businessman | 88 (12.45%) | 3.31** (1.78–6.14) | 2.40** (1.22–4.73) | 2.66** (1.47–4.81) | 2.25* (1.16–4.39) |
| Govt./Pvt. Service holders | 430 (60.82%) | 1.53 (0.99–2.34) | 1.18 (0.74–1.88) | 1.51 (0.98–2.32) | 1.26 (0.79–2.01) |
| Others† | 86 (12.16%) | 1.46 (0.82–2.60) | 1.03 (0.54–1.98) | 1.99*(1.11–3.56) | 1.41 (0.72–2.74) |
| HCW‡ | 103 (14.57%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Marital status | |||||
| Ever marriede | 362 (51.20%) | 1.36*(1.01–1.84) | 1.32 (0.88–1.96) | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 1.00 0.67–1.48) |
| Unmarried | 345 (48.80%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Living setting | |||||
| Urban | 607 (85.86%) | 1.08 (0.70–1.65) | 1.46 (0.91–2.34) | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | 1.45 (0.90–2.33) |
| Rural | 100 (14.14%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Number of family members | |||||
| >7 | 85 (12.02%) | 1.23 (0.75–1.99) | 1.54 (0.89–2.64) | 0.97 (0.60–1.58) | 1.05 (0.61–1.80) |
| 5–7 | 316 (44.70) | 1.64** (1.19–2.26) | 1.76** (1.23–2.51) | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | 1.20 (0.84–1.71) |
| <5 | 306 (43.28%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Number of earning family members | |||||
| Only earner | 238 (33.66%) | 1.47*(1.07–2.03) | 1.57*(1.09–2.27) | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) | 1.25 (0.87–1.79) |
| More than one earner | 469 (66.34%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Average monthly family income (BDT) | |||||
| <30,000 | 346 (48.94%) | 3.31** (2.17–5.03) | 3.12** (1.90–5.17) | 4.12** (2.68–6.34) | 2.86** (1.73–4.67) |
| 30,000–70,000 | 232 (32.81%) | 1.67*(1.08–2.58) | 1.78*(1.12–2.84) | 2.11** (1.35–3.30) | 2.04** (1.27–3.27) |
| >70,000 | 129 (18.25%) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
*
P ≤ 0.05;
**
P ≤ 0.01.
OR, Odds ratio; AOR, Adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for the variables only that were included in this particular table); CI, Confidence interval.
§
Anxiety was defined as individuals who scored ≥ 10.
§§
Depressive symptoms was defined as individuals who scored ≥ 10.
†
Included researchers, journalists, farmers, tutors.
‡
Included doctors, nurses, and medical technologists.
e
Included Married/divorced/widowed respondents.