TABLE 2.
Genetic information identified in CTCs of platinum-drug resistance patients.
| Patient ID | Gene name § | Sample (PM/PG) | Sample (CTCs) | Functions and pathways | Drug resistance | References |
| P1 | SHKBP1 | PG | + | RTK/RAS and TGFβ-related signaling in stem cells | Erlotinib | Wang et al., 2019 |
| RRAD | PM | + | Ras-related GTPase signaling | Shang et al., 2016 | ||
| P2 | SHKBP1 | PG | − | RTK/RAS and TGFβ-related signaling in stem cells | Erlotinib | Wang et al., 2019 |
| PPIL2 | PG | + | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) | Jia et al., 2018 | ||
| P3 | EGFR | PG | + | RTK/RAS signaling | Multi-drug resistance | |
| P4 | NUMA1 | PM, PG | + | Cell cycle | Multi-drug resistance | Qin et al., 2017 |
| ZNF143 | PM, PG | + | Cell cycle, apoptosis | Multi-drug resistance | Izumi et al., 2010 | |
| MUC16 | PM, PG | + | Apoptosis | Cisplatin, gemcitabine | Lakshmanan et al., 2017; Kanwal et al., 2018 | |
| P5 | LZTR1 | PM, PG | + | Wnt signaling | Motta et al., 2019 | |
| PELP1 | PM, PG | + | Estrogen receptor signaling | Słowikowski et al., 2015; Wang and Bao, 2020 | ||
| P6 | BPTF | PM | + | Wnt signaling and TGFβ signaling | Liu et al., 2011 | |
| ELP3 | PM, PG | + | Chromatin organization, PI3K/ATK signaling | Multi-drug resistance | Xu et al., 2018b | |
| P7 | CSMD3 | PG | + | Regulation of dendrite development | Etoposide | Qiu et al., 2019 |
| PON1 | PG | + | Regulating stem-cell related Nanog expression | ✩ | ||
| P8 | TP53 | PG | + | Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis | Multi-drug resistance | |
| P9 | ORC1 | PM, PG | + | Cell cycle, stem cell related | Zhang et al., 2020 |
PM, primary samples; PG, progressive samples; CTC, circulating tumor cells.
+, positive in CTCs; −, negative in CTCs.
§The genes’ full names were in the main text.