Table 2.
Laboratory findings of the patients with COVID-19 on admission
| Variables | Normal range | Total (n=638) | Severe (n=190) | Non-severe (n=448) | P value |
| Oxygenation index (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 400–500 | 376.2 (219.5–485.7) | 209.10 (128.1–281.0) | 449.6 (390.5–558.3) | <0.001 |
| Arterial oxygen partial pressure (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 70–107 | 87(64–120) | 62(49–79) | 107(88–139) | <0.001 |
| Creactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) | 0–3 | 18.1 (2.4–58.4) | 71.9 (32.9–131.5) | 6.4 (1.2–27.9) | <0.001 |
| Serum amyloid A (mg/L), median (IQR) | 0–10 | 60.92 (11.82–168.82) | 92.94 (58.23–168.82) | 33.12 (7.68–168.60) | <0.001 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hour) | 0–15 | 22.96±16.50 | 33.40±14.33 | 19.14±15.56 | <0.001 |
| NLR, median (IQR) | NA | 3.0 (1.9–6.4) | 9.0 (4.0–15.0) | 2.4 (1.6–3.9) | <0.001 |
| PLR, median (IQR) | NA | 184.5 (128.4–280.2) | 262.6 (160.2–375.9) | 165.8 (119.4–233.4) | <0.001 |
| SII, median (IQR) | NA | 583.6 (348.9–1265.2) | 1433.0(654.0–2657.7) | 446.1 (304.6–782.6) | <0.001 |
| White cell count (×10∧9/L), median (IQR) | 3.5–9.5 | 5.17 (3.94–7.17) | 7.26 (4.85–9.98) | 4.74 (3.82–6.14) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count (×10∧9/L), median (IQR) | 1.1–3.2 | 1.02 (0.65–1.50) | 0.66 (0.48–1.01) | 1.22 (0.81–1.64) | <0.001 |
| Monocyte cell count (×10∧9/L） | 0.1–0.6 | 0.42±0.32 | 0.45±0.52 | 0.40±0.15 | 0.191 |
| Neutrophil count (×10∧9/L), median (IQR) | 1.8–6.3 | 3.43 (2.40–5.22) | 5.90 (3.62–8.24) | 3.00 (2.22–3.91) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 130–175 | 125.40±17.36 | 126.72±18.06 | 124.79±17.03 | 0.212 |
| Platelet count (×109/L), median (IQR) | 125–350 | 193(149–249) | 181(134–234) | 197(158–254) | 0.004 |
| Red cell distribution width (fl) | 39.0–51.5 | 38.92±3.30 | 39.15±3.08 | 38.81±3.39 | 0.247 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L), median (IQR) | 9–50 | 21(14–35) | 28(18–47) | 19(13–30) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L), median (IQR) | 15–40 | 26(18–39) | 39(26–55) | 23(17–31) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 2–23 | 8.0 (5.7–11.2) | 9.6 (6.4–13.1) | 7.5 (5.5–10.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40–55 | 37.18±6.17 | 33.54±5.03 | 38.85±5.92 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac troponin I (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0–0.014 | 0.008 (0.006–0.014) | 0.013 (0.008–0.024) | 0.007 (0.005–0.011) | <0.001 |
| Creatine kinase MB (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0–6.22 | 1.21 (0.75–2.20) | 1.80 (0.92–3.80) | 1.05 (0.68–1.66) | <0.001 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 66–143 | 115.96±36.28 | 109.93±42.37 | 118.72±32.79 | 0.014 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 57–111 | 74.27±88.06 | 90.48±140.08 | 66.82±46.31 | 0.027 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 3.1–8.0 | 4.39 (3.44–5.79) | 5.40 (3.57–7.80) | 4.23 (3.43–5.37) | 0.139 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 0–0.243 | 0.212 (0.105–0.617) | 0.755 (0.274–5.999) | 0.164 (0.081–0.303) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L), median (IQR) | 2–5 | 3.49 (2.64–4.49) | 4.23 (3.23–4.96) | 3.19 (2.39–4.11) | <0.001 |
| Acivated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 24.6–35.4 | 33.76±20.07 | 33.74±23.98 | 33.76±17.62 | 0.989 |
| Prothrombin time (s), median (IQR) | 9.3–12.9 | 12.3 (11.6–13.4) | 13.3 (12.2–14.2) | 12.1 (11.3–12.9) | <0.001 |
| Thrombin time (s) | 11.6–16.8 | 15.25±6.30 | 15.59±10.45 | 15.07±1.43 | 0.390 |
P values indicate differences between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous normal variables were described as mean with SD and anaysed by t test. Continuous variables that were not normal were described as median with IQR and analysed by Mann-Whitney test.
NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII, systematic immune-inflammatory index.