TABLE 5.
Death rates 100,000 population attributable to high BMI among those who died from IHD, stroke, and T2DM, by age groups for persons 15 years or older in SADC countries, 1990 and 2019
| Country | Cause | Age | Males death rate/100,000 population | Females death rate per 100,000 population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | AROC% | 1990 | 2019 | AROC% | |||
| Angola | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.3 (0.2–3.3) | 2.7 (1.2–4.9) | 2.69 | 0.5 (0.1–1.4) | 1.2 (0.5–4.9) | 2.99 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 19.2 (3.6–49.0) | 39.6 (17.3–69.2) | 2.50 | 11.8 (2.5–29.1) | 29.8 (13.9–51.2) | 3.20 | ||
| ≥70 | 31.3 (4.8–90.1) | 75.1 (27.2–142.3) | 3.02 | 35.1 (6.0–96.0) | 86.4 (32.2–166.5) | 3.11 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.3 (0.4–5.6) | 4.3 (1.9–7.3) | 2.13 | 2.0 (0.4–4.9) | 3.4 (1.6–5.7) | 1.90 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 32.3 (6.2–77.6) | 57.3 (26.0–96.4) | 1.97 | 25.1 (5.3–60.6) | 47.9 (23.8–78.4) | 2.23 | ||
| ≥70 | 40.3 (6.1–113.1) | 79.2 (28.2–148.9) | 2.33 | 38.8 (6.1–104.4) | 77.5 (29.8–147.8) | 2.39 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.9 (0.2–2.2) | 2.1 (1.0–3.4) | 3.04 | 0.6 (0.1–1.3) | 1.4 (0.7–2.2) | 3.06 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 20.3 (4.1–47.9) | 48.6 (23.0–77.6) | 3.01 | 11.5 (2.6—26.2) | 31.2 (17.1–48.5) | 3.45 | ||
| ≥70 | 30.9 (4.9–85.0) | 87.9 (31.8–164.0) | 3.61 | 18.9 (3.5–49.6) | 54.8 (22.3–101.1) | 3.61 | ||
| Comoros | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.8 (0.3–3.8) | 3.2 (1.3–5.7) | 2.0 | 1.2 (0.3–2.5) | 2.7 (1.3–4.7) | 2.67 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 25.7 (6.9–53.3) | 33.9 (14.4–61.0) | 0.95 | 19.1 (6.1–37.7) | 31.6 (15.7–54.0) | 1.73 | ||
| ≥70 | 52.2 (12.3–121.6) | 75.5 (25.4–148.6) | 1.27 | 73.8 (25.8–145.3) | 105.0 (43.6–196.2) | 1.22 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.9 (0.8–7.9) | 4.3 (2.0–7.8) | 0.39 | 5.7 (1.5–10.4) | 5.9 (3.1–9.4) | 0.10 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 43.0 (11.7–90.6) | 40.1 (17.4–70.3) | −0.24 | 58.4 (19.0–111.2) | 55.3 (29.4–86.6) | −0.19 | ||
| ≥70 | 56.8 (12.8–131.0) | 62.6 (21.8–124.1) | 0.34 | 110.5 (37.9–219.5) | 106.4 (45.8–188.8) | −0.13 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.0 (0.2–2.0) | 1.6 (0.8–2.8) | 1.66 | 1.5 (0.4–2.8) | 2.0 (1.2–3.1) | 1.16 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 22.4 (6.3–44.8) | 30.2 (14.7–49.9) | 1.04 | 12.8 (9.6–45.1) | 33.7 (20.2–50.7) | 0.92 | ||
| ≥70 | 40.7 (10.0–90.1) | 66.4 (24.1–120.5) | 1.69 | 63.7 (24.4–116.2) | 82.2 (38.4–137.9) | 1.69 | ||
| Botswana | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.6 (0.4–3.8) | 6.3 (2.7–12.0) | 4.68 | 1.4 (0.5–2.6) | 4.2 (2.1–7.2) | 3.95 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 32.5 (9.1–68.1) | 97.6 (49.0–162.3) | 3.78 | 43.0 (20.1–73.8) | 69.5 (38.0–110.8) | 1.66 | ||
| ≥70 | 60.0 (17.2–133.2) | 161.8 (72.3–282.7) | 3.42 | 102.2 (38.5–195.5) | 255.5 (141.8–411.9) | 3.16 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.8 (0.8–6.1) | 6.6 (3.1–12.0) | 2.93 | 4.2 (1.8–7.2) | 6.1 (3.2–10.0) | 1.31 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 47.4 (13.5–98.2) | 97.5 (49.9–159.3) | 2.48 | 102.2 (50.9–67.6) | 98.6 (57.0–151.8) | −0.12 | ||
| ≥70 | 69.0 (19.2–151.0) | 140.9 (59.4–254.2) | 2.46 | 148.8 (58.3–281.3) | 250.0 (143.5–397.6) | 1.79 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.9 (0.3–1.9) | 4.6 (2.5–7.4) | 5.51 | 1.6 (0.8–2.7) | 4.3 (2.3–6.9) | 3.14 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 34.7 (10.5–70.6) | 137.4 (77.9–207.4) | 4.75 | 90.4 (48.2–146.0) | 157.9 (96.3–237.5) | 1.92 | ||
| ≥70 | 65.0 (18.1–139.1) | 256.5 (123.9–439.7) | 4.73 | 155.6 (66.5–285.9) | 466.8 (294.3–700.7) | 4.73 | ||
| DRC | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.4 (1.0–4.4)) | 2.1 (0.8–4.1) | −0.38 | 1.2 (0.5–2.5) | 1.1 (0.4–2.2) | −0.41 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 48.1 (21.6–83.4) | 36.2 (16.2–62.3) | −0.98 | 31.3 (13.2–58.1) | 27.9 (12.2–53.5) | −0.40 | ||
| ≥70 | 96.0 (38.3–178.6) | 81.9 (34.2–146.3) | −0.55 | 87.4 (31.2–179.8) | 72.0 (23.8–152.4) | −0.67 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.9 (1.8–6.8) | 3.3 (1.3–5.9) | −0.58 | 4.1 (1.8–7.4) | 2.9 (1.3–5.1) | −1.15 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 71.5 (33.4–121.1) | 52.8 (24.6–89.4) | −1.04 | 91.5 (26.8–101.2) | 45.3 (20.4–80.5) | −0.85 | ||
| ≥70 | 109.5 (43.3–208.4) | 86.4 (34.9–162.162.2) | −0.82 | 91.5 (32.6–181.6) | 64.2 (20.7–132.2) | −1.22 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.0 (1.0–3.2) | 1.8 (0.8–3.0) | −0.32 | 1.3 (0.6–2.1) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | −0.74 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 55.2 (29.6–87.7) | 43.9 (22.4–69.7) | −0.79 | 24.1 (12.7–40.1) | 21.0 (11.0–33.5) | −0.48 | ||
| ≥70 | 103.9 (42.4–194.6) | 94.1 (40.7–167.9) | −0.34 | 41.5 (16.1–77.7) | 33.4 (11.5–68.3) | −0.34 | ||
| Lesotho | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.0 (0.3–2.2) | 5.1 (2.3–9.2) | – | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 3.3 (1.6–5.8) | – |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 25.3 (7.7–51.6) | 80.2 (41.0–133.7) | – | 25.4 (12.8–43.3) | 70.0 (35.4–112.4) | – | ||
| ≥70 | 48.8 (13.3–109.1) | 123.6 (56.5–211.6) | – | 79.8 (35.0–144.7) | 205.0 (107.3–336.2) | – | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.2 (0.6–4.4) | 8.1 (3.8–13.8) | – | 3.3 (1.8–5.2) | 7.0 (3.8–11.3) | – | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 49.0 (15.3–96.7) | 127.4 (66.4–206.8) | – | 77.5 (41.9–121.5) | 138.8 (74.9–216.0) | – | ||
| ≥70 | 74.0 (20.2–157.7) | 169.0 (74.295.4) | – | 136.9 (69.1–248.2) | 292.2 (150.9–482.1) | – | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.8 (0.2–1.6) | 5.2 (2.8–8.7) | – | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 4.6 (2.4–7.3) | – | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 35.6 (12.4–69.4) | 161.0 (90.4–244.3) | – | 68.2 (42.4–101.3) | 204.5 (116.5–305.2) | – | ||
| ≥70 | 68.7 (20.0–141.7) | 274.5 (131.5–459.5) | – | 131.8 (64.4–220.2) | 469.7 (260.260.8–714.6) | – | ||
| Madagascar | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.0 (0.6–4.2) | 3.7 (1.5–6.9) | 2.03 | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 1.4 (0.5–2.7) | 1.47 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 18.8 (5.2–5.2–38.8) | 37.7 (14.2–71.3) | 2.40 | 13.6 (5.6–25.0) | 31.3 (14.0–52.7) | ()2.88 | ||
| ≥70 | 41.8 (9.6–96.7) | 72.9 (25.7–145.8) | 1.92 | 46.3 (16.8–90.6) | 82.6 (30.5–155.7) | 1.99 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 5.9 (1.7–11.5) | 8.1 (3.5–14.7) | 1.13 | 7.3 (3.1–12.9) | 8.0 (3.6–14.1) | 0.32 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 38.6 (11.2–79.5) | 65.7 (26.7–122.0) | 1.83 | 59.6 (26.3—105.3) | 106.9 (54.6–168.1) | 2.02 | ||
| ≥70 | 59.6 (26.3–105.3) | 74.5 (26.5–147.9) | 1.81 | 80.7 (30.2–160.5) | 141.4 (51.0–264.5) | 1.93 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.7 (0.2–1.3) | 1.1 (0.5–1.9) | 1.67 | 1.1 (0.5–2.0) | 1.2 (0.6–2.1) | 0.28 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 12.1 (3.6–25.1) | 23.2 (10.4–41.4) | 2.25 | 18.8 (8.7–31.1) | 31.9 (17.2–49.2) | 1.83 | ||
| ≥70 | 21.7 (5.1–52.9) | 40.7 (15.2–83.2) | 2.16 | 35.3 (14.2–68.3) | 59.7 (23.9–109.0) | 2.16 | ||
| Malawi | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.6 (0.4–3.4) | 2.7 (1.1–4.9) | 1.89 | 1.1 (0.4–2.2) | 1.2 (0.5–2.0) | 0.04 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 17.9 (4.2–43.1) | 37.8 (15.0–67.7) | 2.57 | 13.3 (3.2–29.7) | 23.8 (11.6–40.2) | 2.01 | ||
| ≥70 | 34.6 (6.9–87.9) | 97.5 (40.5–179.6) | 3.57 | 35.6 (7.3–89.1) | 71.3 (27.4–132.4) | 0.94 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.9 (0.9–5.6) | 4.3 (1.8–7.4) | 1.42 | 3.1 (1.1–5.8) | 2.8 (1.7–4.5) | −0.46 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 29.2 (6.9–67.7) | 54.3 (21.7–97.4) | 2.14 | 29.3 (7.4–62.4) | 45.1 (23.3–72.8) | 1.49 | ||
| ≥70 | 44.5 (8.8–111.0) | 109.5 (46.2–193.6) | 3.11 | 51.0 (9.9–121.9) | 82.2 (30.8–154.1) | 1.64 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.0 (0.3–1.9) | 1.7 (0.7–2.8) | 1.90 | 1.1 (0.4–1.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | −0.44 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 18.4 (4.6–40.4) | 41.3 (18.2–66.4) | 2.78 | 16.7 (4.8–34.0) | 27.5 (15.9–41.0) | 1.72 | ||
| ≥70 | 36.8 (7.4–87.5) | 112.7 (50.0–183.7) | 3.86 | 35.0 (7.3–83.3) | 65.2 (26.7–115.7) | 3.86 | ||
| Mauritius | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 11.5 (5.5–18.3) | 9.8 (5.7–14.6) | −0.55 | 4.1 (2.2–6.0) | 2.7 (1.6–3.9) | −1.47 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 125.3 (61.0–201.6) | 65.1 (35.9–101.1) | −2.26 | 89.9 (51.4–132.0) | 33.6 (19.6–50.1) | −3.39 | ||
| ≥70 | 189.3 (77.7–346.6) | 147.5 (75.2–244.8) | −0.86 | 197.0 (94.5–329.4) | 137.6 (70.4–234.2) | −1.24 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 7.8 (4.1–11.6) | 8.4 (5.3–12.0) | 0.23 | 5.5 (3.4–7.5) | 4.7 (3.1–6.6) | −0.56 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 92.1 (45.6–143.4) | 46.5 (26.6–70.0) | −2.36 | 66.5 (39.2–94.7) | 28.9 (17.5–41.3) | −2.88 | ||
| ≥70 | 113.2 (46.7–204.4) | 83.8 (41.0–138.5) | −1.04 | 119.7 (47.5–195.0) | 65.4 (33.4–108.0) | −2.09 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.1 (1.6–4.5) | 12.8 (8.4–17.6) | 4.88 | 2.2 (1.4–3.1) | 7.7 (5.4–10.4) | 4.28 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 60.8 (32.5–90.3) | 179.5 (112.7–255.2) | 3.73 | 76.7 (50.4–100.7) | 136.0 (91.3–187.5) | 1.97 | ||
| ≥70 | 56.3 (23.4–98.3) | 329.9 (179.4–515.6) | 6.19 | 90.6 (46.2–141.9) | 362.8 (210.8–552.8) | 6.10 | ||
| Mozambique | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.6 (0.1–1.6) | 2.5 (1.1–4.8) | 4.83 | 0.6 (0.2–1.2) | 1.4 (0.6–2.5) | 3.04 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 10.4 (2.0–26.2) | 40.8 (16.9–71.8) | 4.70 | 7.1 (1.6–16.1) | 20.6 (9.4–36.0) | 3.69 | ||
| ≥70 | 22.0 (2.9–63.9) | 68.9 (20.7–141.7) | 3.94 | 20.9 (3.8–54.1) | 57.4 (20.6–114.4) | 3.48 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.3 (0.5–5.4) | 7.9 (3.5–13.5) | 4.33 | 2.3 (0.7–4.7) | 2.5 (2.3–7.5) | 2.26 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 31.4 (6.2–78.9) | 105.7 (44.0–178.5) | 4.19 | 24.6 (6.1–53.7) | 59.8 (28.6–100.6) | 3.06 | ||
| ≥70 | 38.8 (5.4–104.5) | 106.1 (34.1–211.5) | 3.47 | 49.1 (8.5–125.3) | 110.6 (4.5–212.2) | 2.80 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.7 (0.1–1.6) | 2.8 (1.3–4.6) | 4.80 | 0.9 (0.3–1.7) | 1.6 (0.9–2.5) | 2.20 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 13.3 (2.8–32.1) | 56.3 (25.6–91.4) | 4.99 | 11.6 (3.0–24.8) | 30.1 (15.5–48.9) | 2.39 | ||
| ≥70 | 23.2 (3.3–63.8) | 76.6 (24.6–149.8) | 4.12 | 21.7 (4.0–54.1) | 56.4 (22.3–106.3) | 4.12 | ||
| Namibia | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.0 (0.83.6) | 3.8 (1.7–6.7) | 2.30 | 1.5 (0.7–2.4) | 1.6 (0.8–2.8) | 0.33 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 52.4 (24.1–88.4) | 80.0 (43.9–126.2) | 1.47 | 40.4 (–22.3–64.3) | 37.3 (21.1–59.4) | −0.27 | ||
| ≥70 | 81.0 (32.3–155.5) | 144.9 (64.1–252.7) | 2.00 | 123.5 (58.0–210.5) | 181.2 (98.2–292.9) | 1.32 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.5 (1.5–6.2) | 4.7 (2.3–8.0) | 1.01 | 4.7 (2.5–7.0) | 3.0 (1.6–5.0) | −1.57 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 80.1 (37.0–139.0) | 93.5 (53.4–141.1) | 0.54 | 100.4 (57.4–154.2) | 65.0 (39.7–102.8) | −1.50 | ||
| ≥70 | 91.1 (35.9–177.8) | 133.0 (56.2–223.3) | 1.31 | 174.5 (80.2–292.8) | 183.0 (101.8–292.3) | 0.16 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.2 (0.5–2.0) | 2.4 (1.2–3.8) | 2.40 | 1.7 (1.0–2.5) | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | −0.07 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 58.6 (28.7–94.9) | 95.1 (59.2–143.7) | 1.67 | 87.8 (54.0–126.6) | 80.2 (50.7–119.0) | −0.31 | ||
| ≥70 | 86.3 (33.7–167.1) | 184.1 (83.3–320.6) | 2.61 | 182.0 (87.1–301.5) | 270.9 (163.1–405.8) | 1.37 | ||
| Seychelles | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 6.8 (3.1–11.2) | 10.9 (6.5–16.1) | – | 3.2 (2.0–4.7) | 3.3 (2.1–4.7) | – |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 75.9 (32.6–131.1) | 72.6 (42.3–111.2) | – | 47.4 (28.4–69.0) | 33.2 (20.2–47.5) | – | ||
| ≥70 | 93.0 (23.9–208.2) | 103.3 (41.3–184.5) | – | 79.4 (26.8–165.0) | 98.9 (39.4–181.9) | – | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 8.1 (4.0–12.6) | 10.8 (7.1–14.8) | – | 5.3 (3.8–7.0) | 4.3 (3.0–5.8) | – | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 70.3 (31.5–118.6) | 56.3 (33.0–82.2) | – | 48.5 (31.5–68.1) | 27.3 (17.3–38.8) | – | ||
| ≥70 | 62.3 (16.2–135.8) | 56.6 (23.4–102.2) | – | 48.5 (17.3–95.0) | 49.6 (21.2–90.0) | – | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) | 2.7 (1.9–3.5) | – | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 2.2 (1.6–2.9) | – | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 13.2 (6.2–21.3) | 28.9. (19.0–40.2) | – | 20.7 (13.8–28.7) | 29.7 (20.8–39.3) | – | ||
| ≥70 | 15.0 (4.0–31.5) | 45.2 (18.6–77.2) | – | 25.7 (9.2–48.8) | 66.2 (29.5–112.2) | – | ||
| SA | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 5.1 (3.0–7.8) | 4.8 (3.1–6.6) | −0.22 | 4.1 (2.8–5.5) | 2.3 (1.6–3.0) | −2.02 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 55.5 (33.0–80.8) | 66.4 (42.8–92.6) | 0.62 | 42.0 (28.2–54.9) | 41.3 (29.2–53.6) | −0.06 | ||
| ≥70 | 82.3 (33.5–142.5 | 151.3 (85.8–229.1) | 2.10 | 138.0 (75.6–212.7) | 186.3 (109.7–270.5) | 1.04 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | (6.9)4.3–9.7 | 5.1 (3.7–6.6) | −1.04 | 8.8 (6.6–11.0) | 3.5 (2.7–4.5) | −3.13 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | (55.7)33.3–81.0 | 62.8 (43.383.9) | 0.41 | 68.0 (47.5–86.9) | 56.6 (41.7–69.8) | −0.63 | ||
| ≥70 | (60.3)27.6–107.7 | 104.7 (59.3–157.5) | 1.90 | 123.6 (67.6–190.5) | 159.2 (94.0–234.0) | 0.87 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | (2.8)2.0–3.6 | 3.8 (3.0–4.6) | 1.02 | 3.6 (2.9–4.2) | 2.9 (2.3–3.6) | −0.72 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | (56.1)38.1–75.3 | 108.5 (83.0–135.2) | 2.27 | 82.0 (63.6–98.9) | 113.2 (91.0–133.6) | 1.11 | ||
| ≥70 | (86.5)43.0–139.1 | 253.6 (162.6–354.0) | 3.71 | 186.6 (119.7–265.4) | 368.4 (248.8–486.5) | 2.35 | ||
| ESwatini | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.4 (1.6–5.8) | 7.6 (3.7–13.3) | 2.76 | 2.0 (1.1–3.2) | 2.6 (1.2–5.0) | 0.86 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 81.0 (42.2–128.4) | 130.2 (75.7–198.8) | 1.64 | 52.5 (32.1–77.0) | 62.1 (32.3–104.3) | 0.58 | ||
| ≥70 | 139.9 (63.3–249.9) | 227.2 (123.8–366.3) | 1.67 | 219.2 (127.8–332.1) | 261.0 (147.1–414.4) | 0.60 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 5.2 (2.7–8.3) | 8.2 (4.1–13.5) | 1.59 | 5.5– (3.3–7.9) | 4.4. (2.1–8.1) | −0.72 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 119.2 (65.6–182.1) | 151.3 (93.1–223.8) | 0.82 | 119.8 (75.3–176.0) | 95.0 (52.1–154.4) | −0.80 | ||
| ≥70 | 164.5 (72.1–292.0) | 234.3 (125.6–381.9) | 1.22 | 285.2 (163.9–424.9) | 281.5 (154.7–454.9) | −0.04 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.0 (1.7–4.8) | 10.0 (5.1–15.6) | 4.09 | 2.8 (1.7–3.9) | 4.2 (1.9–7.3) | 1.45 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 129.8 (76.7–191.3) | 315.6 (197.7–439.3) | 3.06 | 138.5 (90.8–191.1) | 194.5 (108.4–306.6) | 1.17 | ||
| ≥70 | 237.5 (111.5–399.8) | 654.0 (370.1–966.0) | 3.49 | 384.9 (239.4–543.1) | 636.7 (365.0–940.6) | 1.74 | ||
| Tanzania | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.3 (0.4–2.4) | 2.3 (1.0–4.4) | 2.09 | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 3.22 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 12.7 (7.7–42.8) | 37.3 (17.1–63.6) | 1.71 | 10.7 (5.0–18.7) | 22.3 (12.4–35.0) | 2.53 | ||
| ≥70 | 57.0 (17.3–122.2) | 115.5 (48.0–214.0) | 2.44 | 51.2 (18.1–100.7) | 89.1 (37.8–158.1) | 1.91 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.7 (1.4–6.8) | 4.2 (1.9–7.4) | 0.36 | 3.7 (1.7–6.2) | 4.7 (3.0–6.9) | 0.78 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 44.4 (14.7–85.1) | 46.6 (20.7–82.9) | 0.17 | 57.0 (28.5–93.9) | 70.8 (40.6–104.9) | 0.75 | ||
| ≥70 | 66.5 (19.3–139.6) | 96.6 (40.04–178.3) | 1.29 | 86.1 (28.7–162.9) | 124.5 (53.0–213.9) | 1.27 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.0 (0.4–1.8) | 1.8 (0.9–2.9) | 1.87 | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 1.6 (1.0–2.8) | 1.48 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 23.0 (8.7–41.0) | 38.1 (20.8–59.4) | 1.74 | (28.0)15.2–42.6 | 39.9 (26.9–55.0) | 1.22 | ||
| ≥70 | 47.8 (15.1–98.1) | 95.5 (43.9–162.3) | 2.39 | (61.2)23.9–111.2 | 93.4 (47.0–155.1) | 1.46 | ||
| Zambia | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 2.0 (0.7–3.8) | 3.4 (1.6–5.8) | 1.76 | 1.6 (0.6–3.1) | 1.9 (0.9–3.2) | 0.49 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 28.8 (9.8–56.2) | 40.6 (19.4–68.6) | 1.19 | 21.3 (8.0–40.8) | 31.2 (17.0–49.5) | 1.32 | ||
| ≥70 | 45.1 (11.6–104.2) | 82.1 (32.1–152.0) | 2.06 | 53.6 (15.6–114.3) | 70.5 (30.5–124.1) | 0.94 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 3.5 (1.3–6.3) | 7.5 (3.8–12.3) | 2.63 | 4.3 (1.9–7.5) | 4.9 (2.7–7.5) | 0.40 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 46.1 (16.0–87.7) | 97.9 (49.4–156.1) | 2.60 | 49.6 (20.1–88.1) | 85.0 (48.9–128.3) | 1.85 | ||
| ≥70 | 56.1 (12.6–134.1) | 136.9 (53.7–248.0) | 3.08 | 79.0 (22.7–165.5) | 148.7 (65.4–264.2) | 1.18 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.2 (0.5–2.0) | 2.7 (1.5–4.2) | 2.87 | 1.6 (0.7–2.6) | 1.7 (1.0–2.5) | 0.29 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 28.7 (10.8–51.6) | 53.0 (29.5–80.8) | 2.11 | 28.9 (12.8–48.6) | 41.4 (26.6–59.4) | 1.24 | ||
| ≥70 | 45.1 (11.4–100.7) | 99.8 (41.1–175.4) | 2.74 | 52.9 (16.1–104.7) | 80.4 (38.6–136.7) | 1.45 | ||
| Zimbabwe | IHD | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.1 (0.4–2.0) | 2.3 (0.9–4.2) | 2.59 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 2.6 (1.4–4.5) | 3.31 |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 32.8 (12.6–59.1) | 52.9 (23.0–89.5) | 1.65 | 54.7 (31.9–82.2) | 96.6 (54.9–145.9) | 1.93 | ||
| ≥70 | 58.5 (17.1–119.5) | 85.4 (30.9–163.6) | 1.30 | 148.2 (72.8–249.9) | 217.4 (107.0–372.8) | 1.32 | ||
| Stroke | 15 ≤ 49 | 1.4 (0.6–2.5) | 2.6 (1.1–4.9) | 2.07 | 2.0 (1,2–3.1) | 4.0 (2.3–6.4) | 2.39 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 28.9 (10.9–54.2) | 38.5 (17.1–68.2) | 1.00 | 50.6 (31.6–75.0) | 64.0 (37.8–96.8) | 0.81 | ||
| ≥70 | 34.6 (10.0–71.7) | 46.0 (15.3–90.7) | 0.98 | 84.0 (39.1–143.6) | 110.4 (52.9–192.0) | 0.94 | ||
| T2DM | 15 ≤ 49 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 1.6 (0.7–2.7) | 3.32 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 1.8 (1.1–2.7) | 2.89 | |
| 50 ≤ 69 | 23.3 (9.5–38.6) | 48.8 (23.7–77.8) | 2.55 | 60.3 (40.5–83.7) | 110.7 (69.4–157.3) | 2.10 | ||
| ≥70 | 29.4 (8.4–59.7) | 58.9 (21.6–111.6) | 2.40 | 109.5 (55.6–171.4) | 200.0 (105.0–323.2) | 2.08 | ||