. 2020 Aug 4;31(5):609–617. doi: 10.1177/1120700020946716

Table 1.

Table showing the studies meeting the inclusion criteria and extracted data.

	Study type	Study description	Method	No. Surgeons	No. Hips	Male/ Female	Mean Age	Approach	BMI	Positioning	Target RI	Safe Zone	Mean (SD) Inclination	Range Inclination	% outliers	Procedure/Operative Time	p-value: comparison of means	p-value: comparison of outliers	p-value: procedure time	Dislocations	Comments
Radiographic Inclination (RI)
Meermans et al. ³⁷	clinical	cohort	Freehand	3	100	38/62	65.9(9.9)	posterior	28.0(4.0)	Lat Decubitus	40	35-45	38.5(7.0)	22-60	28	52 mins	p = 0.80	p =0.002	p = 0.19	n/r
			Inclinometer		100	34/66	64.7(9.0)	posterior	28.1(5.0)	Lat Decubitus	40	35-45	38.3(4.7)	27-51	10	50 mins				n/r
Darrith et al. ³⁶	clinical	cohort	Freehand	1	52	28/24	56.6.(6.2)	posterior	26.7(4.8)	Lat Decubitus	40 (30)*	30-50	46.5(6.3)	32.8-63.2	21	n/r	p = 0.004	p = 0.034	n/r	0	* 30 degrees OI target assuming 10 degrees greater for RI
			Inclinometer		68	36/32	57.5(6.5)	posterior	28.6(4.5)	Lat Decubitus	40 (30)*	30-50	42.9(7.0)	29.0-63.8	13	n/r				0
Vendittoli et al. ⁴³	cadaver	cohort	Freehand	14	50	1 male	n/r	Hardinge	medium size'	Lat Decubitus	40	30-55	44.4(11.4)	n/r	8	n/a	p = 0.83	p = 0.49	n/a	n/a
			Inclinometer		50	1 male	n/r	Hardinge	medium size'	Lat Decubitus	40	30-55	42.2(3.8)	n/r	0	n/a				n/a
Vendittoli et al. ⁴⁴	clinical	RCT	Freehand	7	53	n/r	n/r	posterior or direct lateral	n/r	Lat Decubitus	40-49	30-55	42.7(6.7)	27.5-63.0	4	n/r	p = 0.56	p =0.536	n/a	n/r
			Inclinometer		47	n/r	n/r	posterior or direct lateral	n/r	Lat Decubitus	40-49	30-55	43.6(6.8)	31.5-64.0	6	n/r				n/r
Pongkunakorn et al. ⁴⁵	clinical	cohort	MAG	1	41	20/21	51.1(8.6)	posterior	24.1 (4.2)	Lat Decubitus	40	30-50	46.3(6.7)	28.7-59.0	34	119(23) mins	p < 0.001	p = 0.001	p = 0.011	2
			Inclinometer		41	22/19	54.5(7.9)	posterior	23.5 (3.8)	Lat Decubitus	40	30-50	40.9(3.8)	32.9-48.9	0	136(27) mins				0
Operative Inclination (OI)
O’Niell et al. ⁴²	clinical	RCT	Freehand	2	90	*	**	posterior	***	Lat Decubitus	35	32.5-37.5	32.9(2.9)	25.2-43.2	49	n/r	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	n/a	n/r	no significant difference in sex (p = 0.725)* or body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.298) between groups. There was a a statistically significant difference in patient age (p = 0.034)*
			MAG		90	*	**	posterior	***	Lat Decubitus	35	32.5-37.5	33.7(1.9)	29.3-39.3	29	n/r	p = 0.023	p = 0.006	n/a	n/r
			Inclinometer		90	*	**	posterior	***	Lat Decubitus	35	32.5-37.5	34.0(1.6)	27.5-37.3	12	n/r
Sykes et al. ⁷	sawbone	cohort	Freehand	10 (10)	10	n/a	n/a	posterior	n/a	Lat Decubitus	*	+/- 2.5	6.2( 4.2)**	22.9-40.1***	78	4.5(2.67) secs	p = 0.001	n/r	p = 0.001	n/a	* Different target angles from 20°- 55° at 5° increments using each technique absolute mean error * At 35° increment
			MAG		10	n/a	n/a	posterior	n/a	Lat Decubitus	*	+/- 2.5	3.8(3.3)**	31.4-41.3***	58	4.1(2.61) secs	p = 0.007	n/r	p = 0.001	n/a
			Inclinometer		10	n/a	n/a	posterior	n/a	Lat Decubitus	*	+/- 2.5	0.6(0.5**	34.4-36.5***	0	5.9(3.97) secs				n/a

n/r, not reported; n/a, not available; MAG, mechanical alignment guide; lat decubitus, lateral decubitus; OI, operative inclination; RI, radiographic inclination.