Fig. 1.

E-NTPD8 in intestinal epithelial cells hydrolyzes luminal ATP in the colon. (A) A heat map of differentially expressed Enpps and Entpds in epithelial cells isolated from the small or large intestine. (B) Expression of E-NTPD8 in the large intestine (red, E-NTPD8; green, EpCAM; and blue, DAPI). (Scale Bar, 100 μm.) Data are representative of two independent experiments. (C) Concentrations of luminal ATP in the small intestine (Left) and the colon (Right). Smaller numbers of the small intestine represent more proximal sites. Mean ± SEM from four (small intestine) or five (colon) independent experiments are shown. **P < 0.01; n.s., not significant.