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. 2021 Oct 1;11(10):e049900. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049900

Table 2.

An example of coding from the FGDs

FGD Quote First-order category* Second-order themes Third-order themes
People diagnosed with TB FGD with people diagnosed with TB, 30–35 years age group, male: ‘People get criticized for having TB. The community perceives a TB patient isn’t the same as a normal person…. due to lack of awareness.’ Psychosocial

  • Enacted stigma

  • Perceived stigma

  • Lack of knowledge

 Stigma as social barrier to access

*Adapted from a WHO Medication Adherence Framework.22

FGD, focus group discussion; TB, tuberculosis.