Table 4.

Quality check within MMAT.

Study design	Methodological quality criteria	Study	Yes	No	Can’t tell	Comments
Quantitative	①Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question? ②Is the sample representative of the target population? ③Are the measurements appropriate? ④Is the risk of nonresponse bias low? ⑤Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question?	Wu et al., 2011 [18]	①②③④⑤
		Sheikhtaheri et al., 2018 [17]	①②③④⑤
		Zayim et al., 2015 [16]	①②③④⑤
		Hay et al., 2017 [22]	①②③④⑤
		Pimmer et al., 2018 [24]	①②③④		⑤	Method of data analysis not mentioned.
		Ortega et al., 2010 [23]	①②③④⑤
Qualitative	①Is the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question? ②Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question? ③Are the findings adequately derived from the data? ④Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data? ⑤Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis and interpretation?	Hsu et al., 2018 [25]	①②③④		⑤	Method of data analysis was not stated.
		Wu, 2014 [26]	①②③④⑤
		Willemse, 2014 [27]	①②③④⑤
		Beauregard et al., 2017 [28]	①②③④⑤
		George et al., 2017 [29]	①②③④		⑤	Method of data analysis was not stated.
Mixed methods	①Is there an adequate rationale for using a mixed methods design to address the research question? ②Are the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question? ③Are the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted? ④Are divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed? ⑤Do the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved?	Mather et al., 2016 [30]	①②③④		⑤	Method of data analysis was not stated.
		Burke et al., 2014 [34]	①②③④		⑤	Method of data analysis was not stated.
		Lai et al., 2016 [35]	①②③④⑤
		Wu et al., 2014 [31]	①②③④⑤
		O'Connor et al., 2018 [32]	①②③④⑤
		Dearnley et al., 2008 [36]	①②③④⑤
		Gallegos et al., 2019 [33]	①②③④⑤

Note: MMAT = Mixed Method Appraisal Tool.