Table 3.

Emerging themes and sub-themes.

Themes	Sub-themes	Number of papers
Nurses' beliefs, behavior, and sentiments towards VER	Reporting staff's attitudes and perceptions of VER	29
	Reporting staff's preferred reporting style	9
	Reporting staff's emotions	3
Nurses' perceived enabling factors of VER	Not applicable	8
Nurses' perceived inhibiting factors of VER	Less favorable reporting systems and processes	12
	A less supportive management responses	21
	Fear of being blamed and shamed	25
	Fear of punitive repercussions	23

Note: VER = voluntary error reporting.