Table 2.
Summary of sample demographics and methods used to measure inter-limb strength asymmetry in the included articles (N = 53)
| Article | Quality Score | Total Sample Size (N) | Sample Characteristics | Strength Asymmetry Test | Strength Asymmetry Metric | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated | Functional | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | Female | Injured/Post-Surgery | Uninjured | Athlete | Non-Athlete | Young (≤55yrs) | Old (>55yrs) | Isokinetic Dynamometer | Stabilised Dynamometer | Hand-Held Dynamometer | Weight-Training Machine | Multi-Joint Strength Test | Nordic Hamstring | Jumping/Hopping | Push-Up | Seated Shot-Put | Torque | Force | Power | Impulse | Jump/Hop Height | Jump/Hop/Throw Distance | Vertical GRF | 1-RM | Work Done | RFD | |||
| Abourezk et al., (2017) | 22 | 36 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ageberg & Roos, (2016) | 23 | 54 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Almeida et al., (2019) | 24 | 70 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ardern et al., (2015) | 21 | 42 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Batty et al., (2019) | 22 | 100 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Benjanuvatra et al., (2013) | 20 | 58 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - |
| Bishop et al., (2019c) | 20 | 28 | ? | ? | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bishop et al., (2019d) | 21 | 16 | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bookbinder et al., (2020) | 23 | 52 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Bourne et al., (2015) | 22 | 178 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Carabello et al., (2010) | 23 | 93 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - |
| Chmielewski et al., (2014) | 20 | 125 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Clark & Mullally, (2019) | 23 | 23 | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Coratella et al., (2018) | 24 | 27 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Costa Silva et al., (2015) | 20 | 22 | ? | ? | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dai et al., (2018) | 23 | 499 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| de Lira et al., (2017) | 21 | 112 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dos’Santos et al., (2017a) | 23 | 22 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Dos'Santos et al., (2018) | 22 | 20 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Falstrom et al., (2017) | 24 | 154 | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al., (2015) | 21 | 29 | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al., (2016) | 20 | 79 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Guney-Deniz et al., (2019) | 24 | 87 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Hadzic et al., (2010) | 20 | 183 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Harput et al., (2018) | 22 | 72 | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Hart et al., (2014) | 20 | 31 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hiemstra et al., (2008) | 23 | 48 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Holsgaard-Larsen et al., (2015) | 24 | 48 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Hubbard et al., (2007) | 23 | 60 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hughes et al., (2019) | 21 | 125 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Kaminska et al., (2015) | 22 | 34 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - |
| Lisee et al., (2019) | 23 | 117 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Lloyd et al., (2020) | 21 | 43 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Lockie et al., (2012) | 20 | 16 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lockie et al., (2014 | 21 | 30 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Lockie et al., (2013) | 20 | 16 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lockie et al., (2016) | 21 | 19 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Madruga-Parera et al., (2019) | 22 | 41 | ? | ? | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Madruga-Perera et al., (2020) | 20 | 42 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Maloney et al., (2016) | 21 | 18 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Menzel et al., (2013) | 20 | 46 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - |
| Miles et al., (2019) | 22 | 66 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Opar et al., (2015) | 22 | 210 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Peebles et al., (2019) | 23 | 30 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Redden et al., (2018) | 24 | 13 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Reid et al., (2007) | 23 | 42 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Riemann & Davies, (2019) | 20 | 24 | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Suchomel et al., (2016) | 22 | 13 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ |
| Vanderstukken et al., (2019) | 21 | 50 | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Welling et al., (2019) | 23 | 68 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Xergia et al., (2013) | 24 | 44 | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - |
| Zwolski et al., (2015) | 22 | 139 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Zwolski et al., (2016) | 22 | 45 | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | - |
| Total | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
GRF = Ground Reaction Force, 1-RM = 1-Repetition Maximum, RFD = Rate of Force Development