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. 2021 Jul 13;114(4):1523–1534. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab222

TABLE 3.

Model 2—adjusted fatty acid intakes of very-low-birth-weight infants fed >50% DM compared with 100% MoM1

Weeks 1 and 2 Week 4
 Intakes, g · kg−1 · d−1 Adjusted means ± SEs Model 22 Adjusted means ± SEs Model 23
>50% DM 100% MoM β ± SE >50% DM 100% MoM β ± SE
Total fat 3.980 ± 0.332 6.585 ± 0.373 −2.605 ± 0.506* 4.390 ± 0.410 0.327 ± 5.243 −0.854 ± 0.507
 10:0 0.004 ± 0.008 0.047 ± 0.009 −0.043 ± 0.012* 0.014 ± 0.005 0.004 ± 0.018 −0.005 ± 0.006
 12:0 0.074 ± 0.071 0.420 ± 0.082 −0.346 ± 0.107* 0.136 ± 0.023 0.018 ± 0.251 −0.115 ± 0.028*
 14:0 0.160 ± 0.048 0.477 ± 0.056 −0.317 ± 0.073* 0.205 ± 0.034 0.027 ± 0.367 −0.162 ± 0.042*
 16:0 0.689 ± 0.075 1.449 ± 0.084 −0.759 ± 0.114* 0.795 ± 0.106 0.085 ± 1.108 −0.313 ± 0.131*
 18:0 0.192 ± 0.036 0.371 ± 0.041 −0.179 ± 0.054* 0.216 ± 0.037 0.030 ± 0.313 −0.096 ± 0.046*
 20:0 0.005 ± 0.001 0.011 ± 0.001 −0.005 ± 0.001* 0.005 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.010 −0.005 ± 0.001*
 21:0 0.005 ± 0.001 0.006 ± 0.001 −0.001 ± 0.001 0.006 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.003 0.004 ± 0.001*
 22:0 0.002 ± 0.001 0.005 ± 0.001 −0.003 ± 0.001* 0.002 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.005 −0.003 ± 0.001*
 23:0 0.004 ± 0.001 0.008 ± 0.001 −0.003 ± 0.001* 0.005 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.005 0.000 ± 0.001
 24:0 0.002 ± 0.001 0.005 ± 0.001 −0.003 ± 0.001* 0.001 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.005 −0.003 ± 0.001*
Total SFAs 1.129 ± 0.162 2.907 ± 0.182 −1.778 ± 0.246* 1.405 ± 0.180 0.144 ± 2.118 −0.713 ± 0.223*
 14:1n–5 0.008 ± 0.001 0.011 ± 0.001 −0.002 ± 0.001 0.011 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.008 0.003 ± 0.001
 16:1n–7 0.102 ± 0.010 0.151 ± 0.011 −0.050 ± 0.015* 0.121 ± 0.012 0.010 ± 0.104 0.017 ± 0.015
 17:1n–7 0.007 ± 0.001 0.013 ± 0.001 −0.006 ± 0.002* 0.009 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.008 0.000 ± 0.001
 18:1n–7 0.074 ± 0.008 0.124 ± 0.009 −0.050 ± 0.012* 0.083 ± 0.009 0.007 ± 0.094 −0.011 ± 0.011
 18:1n–9 1.621 ± 0.151 2.161 ± 0.171 −0.540 ± 0.229* 1.741 ± 0.157 0.125 ± 1.859 −0.118 ± 0.195
 20:1n–9 0.019 ± 0.003 0.033 ± 0.003 −0.014 ± 0.004* 0.019 ± 0.003 0.002 ± 0.031 −0.012 ± 0.003*
 22:1n–9 0.002 ± 0.000 0.006 ± 0.001 −0.003 ± 0.001* 0.002 ± 0.000 0.000 ± 0.005 −0.002 ± 0.001*
 24:1n–9 0.001 ± 0.001 0.006 ± 0.001 −0.004 ± 0.001* 0.001 ± 0.000 0.000 ± 0.004 −0.003 ± 0.000*
Total MUFAs 1.864 ± 0.172 2.589 ± 0.195 −0.725 ± 0.461* 2.023 ± 0.181 0.144 ± 2.167 −0.144 ± 0.224
 18:3n–3 (ALA) 0.090 ± 0.008 0.093 ± 0.009 −0.004 ± 0.013 0.103 ± 0.006 0.005 ± 0.086 0.017 ± 0.007*
 20:3n–3 0.002 ± 0.000 0.005 ± 0.000 −0.003 ± 0.001* 0.002 ± 0.000 0.000 ± 0.004 −0.002 ± 0.000*
 20:5n–3 (EPA) 0.006 ± 0.001 0.004 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.001 0.007 ± 0.000 0.000 ± 0.004 0.003 ± 0.000*
 22:5n–3 (DPA) 0.009 ± 0.001 0.010 ± 0.001 −0.001 ± 0.001 0.010 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.007 0.003 ± 0.001*
 22:6n–3 0.012 ± 0.003 0.023 ± 0.003 −0.012 ± 0.004* 0.014 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.014 −0.001 ± 0.002
Total n–3 PUFAs 0.119 ± 0.010 0.135 ± 0.011 −0.017 ± 0.015 0.134 ± 0.009 0.007 ± 0.113 0.021 ± 0.011
 18:2n–6 0.750 ± 0.072 0.934 ± 0.082 −0.184 ± 0.110 0.788 ± 0.065 0.052 ± 0.817 −0.029 ± 0.800
 18:3n–6 0.006 ± 0.001 0.007 ± 0.001 −0.001 ± 0.001 0.007 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.005 0.002 ± 0.001*
 20:2n–6 0.010 ± 0.003 0.031 ± 0.004 −0.020 ± 0.005* 0.010 ± 0.002 0.002 ± 0.024 −0.014 ± 0.002*
 20:3n–6 (DGLA) 0.016 ± 0.003 0.032 ± 0.003 −0.016 ± 0.004* 0.018 ± 0.003 0.002 ± 0.022 −0.004 ± 0.003
 20:4n–6 0.024 ± 0.002 0.035 ± 0.002 −0.011 ± 0.003* 0.027 ± 0.002 0.002 ± 0.024 0.003 ± 0.002
 22:4n–6 0.009 ± 0.001 0.009 ± 0.001 0.001 ± 0.001 0.010 ± 0.001 0.000 ± 0.005 0.005 ± 0.001*
 22:5n–6 0.001 ± 0.000 0.003 ± 0.000 −0.002 ± 0.000* 0.001 ± 0.000 0.000 ± 0.002 −0.001 ± 0.000*
Total n–6 PUFAs 0.822 ± 0.080 1.061 ± 0.091 −0.238 ± 0.121 0.867 ± 0.071 0.057 ± 0.905 −0.039 ± 0.088
n–6:n–3 PUFA 7.025 ± 0.447 8.056 ± 0.526 −1.031 ± 0.676 5.752 ± 1.632 1.298 ± 9.008 −3.256 ± 2.019
ARA:DHA 1.993 ± 0.147 1.566 ± 0.175 0.427 ± 0.222 1.940 ± 0.112 0.089 ± 1.743 0.197 ± 0.138
1

Difference in intakes calculated for a subset of infants in the OptiMoM (Optimizing Mothers’ Milk for Preterm Infants) study at weeks 1 and 2 of life (n = 13; n = 6, >50% DM; n = 7, 100% MoM; days 1–14) and week 4 (n = 31; n = 13, >50% DM; n = 18, 100% MoM; days 22–28) not receiving parenteral nutrition, and in the bovine milk–based fortifier group between those receiving >50% DM and 100% MoM. Associations were analyzed using PROC MIXED followed by LSMEANS for pairwise comparisons, accounting for repeated measures using an autoregressive correlation structure. *Statistically significant difference in β estimates, P < 0.05. ALA, α-linolenic acid; ARA, arachidonic acid; DGLA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid; DM, donor milk; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; MoM, mother's own milk.

2

Weeks 1 and 2: adjusted for repeated measures within subjects, and maternal prepregnancy BMI.

3

Week 4: adjusted for repeated measures within subjects, maternal ethnicity, maternal BMI, and a composite social risk score that includes maternal age, maternal education, language spoken at home, and marital status.