Table 3.
Urban identity perceptions and correlation with socio-demographic profile
| Socio-demographic characteristics | Variable’s name | Label | No (%) | Yes (%) | Pearson Chi-square | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | UI includes urban environment | Male | 67.4 | 32.6 | 5.409 | 0.020 |
| Female | 56.1 | 43.9 | ||||
| Thessaloniki ‘s UI is affected by political modifications | Male | 56.8 | 43.2 | 5.907 | 0.015 | |
| Female | 44.7 | 55.3 | ||||
| Thessaloniki ‘s UI is affected by economic reformations | Male | 47.7 | 52.3 | 7.778 | 0.005 | |
| Female | 33.9 | 66.1 | ||||
| Thessaloniki ‘s UI is affected by environmental changes | Male | 66.5 | 33.5 | 7.072 | 0.008 | |
| Female | 53.2 | 46.8 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for walking in the city centre—shopping | Male | 60.0 | 40.0 | 18.427 | 0.000 | |
| Female | 38.5 | 61.5 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for participation in an event taken place in the city | Male | 70.3 | 29.7 | 5.778 | 0.016 | |
| Female | 58.7 | 41.3 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for staying home with family/friends/alone | Male | 45.1 | 54.9 | 9.260 | 0.002 | |
| Female | 30.5 | 69.5 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for visiting a cultural-based or tourist place | Male | 41.8 | 58.2 | 6.249 | 0.012 | |
| Female | 29.7 | 70.3 | ||||
| Environmental design of urban infrastructure would improve Thessaloniki’s UI | Male | 43.6 | 56.4 | 6.069 | 0.014 | |
| Female | 32.0 | 68.0 | ||||
| Low feeling of security affects negatively Th/ki’ s UI | Male | 57.2 | 42.8 | 6.576 | 0.010 | |
| Female | 44.2 | 55.8 | ||||
| Age | UI includes history, culture, heritage | Younger | 32.4 | 67.6 | 6.047 | 0.014 |
| Older | 21.6 | 78.4 | ||||
| UI includes nature, natural environment and landscapes | Younger | 61.8 | 38.2 | 10.109 | 0.001 | |
| Older | 45.8 | 54.2 | ||||
| UI includes personal experiences and memories | Younger | 44.4 | 55.6 | 5.105 | 0.024 | |
| Older | 33.5 | 66.5 | ||||
| UI includes ethics, customs and the traditions of place | Younger | 49.5 | 50.5 | 11.275 | 0.001 | |
| Older | 33.2 | 66.8 | ||||
| Museums are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Younger | 54.2 | 45.8 | 5.072 | 0.024 | |
| Older | 43.2 | 56.8 | ||||
| Churches are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Younger | 88.9 | 11.1 | 4.527 | 0.033 | |
| Older | 81.6 | 18.4 | ||||
| Cost of living is strong element of Thessaloniki’s UI | Younger | 92.6 | 7.4 | 4.311 | 0.038 | |
| Older | 97.1 | 2.9 | ||||
| Thessaloniki ‘s UI is affected by personal decisions and choices | Younger | 53.8 | 46.2 | 4.484 | 0.034 | |
| Older | 43.2 | 56.8 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for cafe/restaurant/bar | Younger | 47.0 | 53.0 | 8.990 | 0.003 | |
| Older | 61.7 | 38.3 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for enjoying nature and city’ s natural environment (sea, mountainous areas) | Younger | 49.5 | 50.5 | 7.864 | 0.005 | |
| Older | 35.8 | 64.2 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for visiting a cultural-based or tourist place | Younger | 39.6 | 60.4 | 4.547 | 0.033 | |
| Older | 29.5 | 70.5 | ||||
| Presence of refugees’ groups in the city center affects negatively Thessaloniki’ s UI | Younger | 54.2 | 45.8 | 5.865 | 0.015 | |
| Older | 42.2 | 57.8 | ||||
| Marital status | UI includes urban environment | Unmarried | 65.1 | 34.9 | 4.418 | 0.036 |
| Married | 54.9 | 45.1 | ||||
| UI includes history, culture, heritage | Unmarried | 31.5 | 68.5 | 4.827 | 0.028 | |
| Married | 21.7 | 78.3 | ||||
| UI includes nature, natural environment and landscapes | Unmarried | 60.2 | 39.8 | 8.660 | 0.003 | |
| Married | 45.2 | 54.8 | ||||
| UI includes personal experiences and memories | Unmarried | 46.4 | 53.6 | 5.622 | 0.018 | |
| Married | 34.7 | 65.3 | ||||
| Churches are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Unmarried | 88.7 | 11.3 | 5.098 | 0.024 | |
| Married | 80.8 | 19.2 | ||||
| Squares are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Unmarried | 74.4 | 25.6 | 4.002 | 0.045 | |
| Married | 65.4 | 34.6 | ||||
| Cost of living is strong element of Thessaloniki’s UI | Unmarried | 92.0 | 8.0 | 8.338 | 0.004 | |
| Married | 98.4 | 1.6 | ||||
| International Exhibition of Th/ki is strong element of its UI | Unmarried | 65.5 | 34.5 | 5.907 | 0.015 | |
| Married | 53.8 | 46.2 | ||||
| Students, tourists and visitors are strong elements of Th/ki’s UI | Unmarried | 91.2 | 8.8 | 6.557 | 0.010 | |
| Married | 97.3 | 2.7 | ||||
| Thessaloniki ‘s UI is affected by environmental changes | Unmarried | 65.8 | 34.2 | 10.801 | 0.001 | |
| Married | 49.4 | 50.6 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for walking in the city centre—shopping | Unmarried | 52.8 | 47.2 | 6.896 | 0.009 | |
| Married | 39.7 | 60.3 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for cafe/restaurant/bar | Unmarried | 48.3 | 51.7 | 6.752 | 0.009 | |
| Married | 61.3 | 38.7 | ||||
| Education | Awareness of UI term | Lower | 72.0 | 28.0 | 4.766 | 0.029 |
| Higher | 60.9 | 39.1 | ||||
| UI includes urban environment | Lower | 72.7 | 27.3 | 10.960 | 0.001 | |
| Higher | 55.4 | 44.6 | ||||
| Site and natural geography of the city are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Lower | 71.2 | 28.8 | 5.009 | 0.025 | |
| Higher | 59.9 | 40.1 | ||||
| Cost of living is strong element of Thessaloniki’s UI | Lower | 90.9 | 9.1 | 5.581 | 0.018 | |
| Higher | 96.5 | 3.5 | ||||
| New urban waterfront is strong elements of Th/ki’s UI | Lower | 71.2 | 28.8 | 6.262 | 0.012 | |
| Higher | 58.5 | 41.5 | ||||
| Urban public transportation is strong element of Th/ki’s UI | Lower | 79.5 | 20.5 | 12.072 | 0001 | |
| Higher | 91.5 | 8.5 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for cafe/restaurant/bar | Lower | 61.1 | 38.9 | 3.905 | 0.048 | |
| Higher | 50.5 | 49.5 | ||||
| Use of Leisure-time in Thessaloniki for visiting a cultural-based or tourist place | Lower | 43.5 | 56.5 | 5.655 | 0.017 | |
| Higher | 31.3 | 68.8 | ||||
| Urban renewal and architectural design would improve Thessaloniki’s UI | Lower | 45.5 | 54.5 | 17.476 | 0.000 | |
| Higher | 25.0 | 75.0 | ||||
| Income | Museums are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Lower | 54.7 | 45.3 | 4.537 | 0.033 |
| Higher | 43.9 | 56.1 | ||||
| Squares are strong elements of Thessaloniki’s UI | Lower | 77.0 | 23.0 | 5.665 | 0.017 | |
| Higher | 66.0 | 34.0 | ||||
| Architectural heritage is strong element of The/ki’s UI | Lower | 75.2 | 24.8 | 4.851 | 0.028 | |
| Higher | 84.0 | 16.0 | ||||
| The City as tourist destination is strong element of Th/ki’s UI | Lower | 88.2 | 11.8 | 5.586 | 0.018 | |
| Higher | 94.7 | 5.3 | ||||
| Poor quality and functionality of road network (trafic, behaviour of drivers and pedestrians, lack of signage) is strong element of Th/ki’s UI | Lower | 85.1 | 14.9 | 3.898 | 0.048 | |
| Higher | 91.4 | 8.6 | ||||
| Development of public transport network would improve Thessaloniki’s UI | Lower | 28.0 | 72.0 | 7.206 | 0.007 | |
| Higher | 16.8 | 83.2 |