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. 2021 Oct 3;21:671. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04115-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Doppler tracings of flow velocity waveforms (FVW) of ductus venosus (DV) (a) and ventricular inflow (b). (i) indicates time interval for S-wave of DV-FVW, measured from nadir of a-wave during atrial contraction to nadir between S-wave and D-wave; (ii) indicates time interval for D-wave of DV-FVW, measured from nadir between S-wave and D-wave to nadir of a-wave; (iii) indicates time interval from the second peak of ventricular inflow caused by atrial contraction (A-wave) to the opening of the tricuspid and mitral valves; (iv) indicates time interval from the opening of the tricuspid and mitral valves to the peak of the A-wave. (i)/(ii) expressed as DV-S/D. (iii)/(iv) was expressed as TV-S/D for tricuspid valve, and MV-S/D for mitral valve, respectively