Table 3.

Clinical results and macroscopic findings following maximal aortic pressures on CPB

Swine number	Surgical approach	Cannulation	CPB flows (L/min)	Maximal pressure	Macroscopic findings
1	Right thoracotomy	Arterial—ascending aorta Venous—Right atrium	2L	280 mmHg	Valvular failure with no evidence of cusp tearing Cusp hemorrhage present Superior Vena Cava (SVC) tearing resulting in exsanguination of subject
2	Median sternotomy	Arterial—ascending aorta Venous—right atrium	2.2L	286 mmHg	Non-coronary cusp tearing and valvular rupture Cusp hemorrhage Subject euthanized
3	Median sternotomy	Arterial—ascending aorta Venous—right atrium	4.3L	500 mmHg	Non-coronary cusp tearing and valvular rupture Cusp hemorrhage Subject euthanized
4	Median sternotomy	Arterial—ascending aorta Venous—right atrium	5.4L	505 mmHg	Non-coronary cusp tearing and valvular rupture Subject euthanized
5	Median sternotomy	Arterial—ascending aorta Venous—right atrium	3.96L	497 mmHg	Non-coronary cusp tearing and valvular rupture Cusp hemorrhage Subject euthanized
Median			3.96L	497 mmHg