Fig 4.

Experimental results for in vivo studies. Panel 1, Diameters of abdominal aortas in controls and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG)-treated aneurysmal swine. Two weeks after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) induction, the mean diameters had reached ∼66%, at which time, the pigs were randomly selected for PGG treatment (arrow) or no treatment. The AAA diameters were monitored using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) every 2 to 3 weeks. Data presented as mean of N = 6 for controls and N = 10 for PGG treatment. ∗Statistically significant differences determined by analysis of variance with 95% confidence intervals (P < .05). Panel 2, Representative examples of infrarenal AAA shapes and locations obtained in the present study. Relative to the 2 renal arteries, we found AAAs in proximal segments (a), medial segments (b), and even a “double hump” aspect (c). Panel 3, Representative DSA images of AAA development in controls (CTRL; a-c) and 2 PGG-treated pigs (PGG; d-f and g-i). Images shown at time 0 (BEFORE), after AAA induction, and 6 to 8 weeks after PGG treatment (TREATED).