Fig 4.

Vascular function in abdominal aortic vessels (suprarenal in A-E and G; infrarenal in F). A, Contraction response to noradrenaline (NA) was reduced in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated mice and further reduced in hypertensive mice treated with metformin (metF). B, Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerted an anticontractile effect in control mice. C, PVAT from Ang II-treated mice did not exert an anticontractile effect on vessels, which was restored in metF-treated mice (D). Endothelial-dependent relaxation was reduced in Ang II-treated mice (E) and improved in infrarenal vessels from metF-treated mice (F). G, Acute incubation with metF on clean aortic vessels reduced the contraction response to NA. Data presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean; curves were fitted by nonlinear regression; and the effective concentration 50% and maximal concentration were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (n = 6 in each group: A-F; ∗P < .05 vs control; #P < .05 vs Ang II-treated mice or metF-treated mince). D, A different scale was used on the Y-axis compared with the other panels. Clean, Vessels devoid of PVAT; PVAT, vessels with PVAT surrounding the vessel.