Table 2.
Treatments Targeting GLT-1 or xCT for Chronic Psychostimulant Addiction Behaviors in Preclinical Animal Models
| Addiction Behavioral Protocol | Psychostimulant-induced effect on GLT-1 or xCT | Treatment Approach | Behavioral Outcome | Treatment Effect on GLU Homeostasis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMP | AMP Sensitization | Data Not Shown | Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) for 8 days during induction (Rasmussen, Baron et al. 2011) | Reduction in Sensitization Expression | Reduced extracellular levels of NAc GLU (Rasmussen, Baron et al. 2011) |
| AMP CPP | Data Not Shown | Riluzole (4 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days during CPP training (Tzschentke and Schmidt 1998) | Blocked CPP | Data Not Shown | |
| Cocaine | Cocaine Reinstatement following Extinction | Data Not Shown | Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days during extinction (Sari, Smith et al. 2009) | Blocked Cue-Induced Reinstatment | Data Not Shown |
| Cocaine Reinstatement following Long Withdrawal Periods (45 d) | Greater reduction in GLT-1 protein expression in NAc core following longer withdrawal periods (Fischer et al. 2012) | Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) for last 5 days of withdrawal (Fischer et al. 2012) | Blocked Cue-Induced Reinstatment | Increased GLT-1 protein expression in NAc (Fischer et al. 2012) | |
| Cocaine Reinstatement following Extinction | Reduced GLU uptake and expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the NAc core following extinction (Knackstedt et al. 2010) | Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days during extinction (Knackstedt et al. 2010) | Blocked Cue- and Cocaine-Induced Reinstatment | Increased expression of GLT-1 and xCT in NAc core (Knackstedt et al., 2010) | |
| Cocaine Reinstatement following Extinction | Reduced GLU uptake and expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the NAc core following extinction (Knackstedt et al. 2010) | N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days during extinction (Knackstedt et al. 2010) | Blocked Cue- and Cocaine-Induced Reinstatment | Increased expression of GLT-1 and xCT in NAc core (Knackstedt et al., 2010) | |
| Cocaine Reinstatement following Extinction | Reduced NAc core basal GLU levels | Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) for last 5 days of extinction training) (Trantham-Davidson et al. 2012) | Blocked Cocaine-Induced Reinstatment | Restores basal GLU levels and increases GLU uptake in NAc core (Trantham-Davidson et al. 2012) | |
| Cocaine Self-Administration in Mice | Data Not Shown | Clavulanic acid (1 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days prior to self-administration (Kim et al. 2015) | Reduced Self-Administration Behavior in Mice | Increased GLT-1 protein expression in NAc (Kim et al. 2015) | |
| METH | METH Sensitization in Mice | Data Not Shown | Riluzole (20 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days during induction (Itzhak and Martin 2000) | Reduction in Sensitization Expression in Mice | Data Not Shown |
| METH CPP | Data Not Shown | Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days during CPP extinction (Abulseoud, Miller et al. 2012) | Blocked METH-induced CPP Reinstatement | Increased GLT-1 protein and mRNA expression in PFC (Abulseoud, Miller et al. 2012) |
In the table. Amphetamine (AMP), Methamphetamine (METH), Conditioned Place Preference (CPP), Unless specified otherwise, rats were used.