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Pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β and TNFα secreted by fibroblast-like synoviocytes bind to receptors on chondrocytes to promote synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases which then break down cartilage leading to progression of osteoarthritis, which is characterized by the cardinal features of narrowed joint space, osteophytosis, subchondral sclerosis and cyst formation.
Note. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases.
