Table 3.
Generalized Additive Mixed-effects Models (GAMM) examining associations between participant’s slope and average brain size. Degrees of freedom, F-statistic, and p-value for Type III sum of squares are presented for each fixed effect of interest, as well as total observations and overall model fit (R2).
| Individual Slope by Brain Size |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Finding | Effect (in Females) | Sex Difference (vs. Male) | |||||
| df | F | p | df | F | p | R2 | ||
| Total Gray Matter Volume | Sex Interaction | 1 | 26.43 | 0.0000004 | 1 | 12.79 | 0.0004 | 0.988 |
| Cortex Volume | Sex Interaction | 1 | 28.580 | 0.0000001 | 1 | 9.755 | 0.002 | 0.987 |
| Mean Cortical Thickness | Sex Interaction | 1 | 4.107 | 0.0432 | 1 | 6.718 | 0.001 | 0.924 |
| White Surface Area | Sex Interaction | 1 | 9.882 | 0.002 | 1 | 3.840 | 0.051 | 0.997 |
| Cerebral White Matter Volume | None | 1 | 1.056 | 0.305 | 1 | 0.577 | 0.448 | 0.996 |
| Subcortical Gray Matter Volume | None | 1 | 2.533 | 0.112 | 1 | 2.626 | 0.106 | 0.982 |
| Amygdala | None | 1 | 0.229 | 0.632 | 1 | 1.285 | 0.258 | 0.975 |
| Caudate | None | 1 | 0.508 | 0.476 | 1 | 0.122 | 0.727 | 0.972 |
| Hippocampus | None | 1 | 1.352 | 0.246 | 1 | 1.356 | 0.245 | 0.980 |
| Pallidum | None | 1 | 2.082 | 0.150 | 1 | 1.595 | 0.207 | 0.949 |
| Putamen | None | 1 | 0.006 | 0.940 | 1 | 0.047 | 0.828 | 0.956 |
| Thalamus | None | 1 | 0.002 | 0.964 | 1 | 0.017 | 0.896 | 0.980 |