Table 4.
Breast cancer risk and estrogen level changes assessed in exercise intervention studies.
| Intervention Focus | Estrone (E1) | Estradiol (E2) | 2/16 α-hydroxy-estrone ratio | SHBG | Impact on breast cancer risk | Reported p-Value | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity Level | ↓ | ↓ | E2 (<0.05) | (39) | |||
| Activity Level | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | High Activity (0.01) | (40) | ||
| Activity Level | ↓ | ↓ | E1 (0.03) | (41) | |||
| Activity Level | ↑ | ↑ | Sedentary Time E1 (0.03) | (42) | |||
| Activity Level | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | E2 (0.045) SHBG (0.05) | (43) | ||
| Exercise Type | = | (36) | |||||
| Training | = | (44) | |||||
| Training | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | E2 (0.88 -0.98) SHBG (1.02 – 1.07) | (45) | ||
| Training | ↓ | ↓ | E2 (0.002) | (35) | |||
| Training | ↓ | ↓ | E2 (0.04) | (37) |
“↑”, “↓” and “=” stand for "increased" , "decreased" and "no change".