Table 1.

Summary of functionally validated miRNAs by STTM in rice.

Agronomic traits		STTM-miRNA lines	Promoter used	Reference
Fertility	Sterile pollen	miR160, miR1428	35S	Zhang et al., 2017
	Decreased seed setting rate	miR172
Grain weight	Decreased grain weight	miR156, miR159, miR165/166, miR398	35S	Zhang et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018b
	Increased grain weight	miR167, miR1432	Gt13a	Peng et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2019
		miR5144-3p	Ubi-1
Panicle	Shorter panicle	miR159, miR171, miR398	35S	Zhang et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2017
	Semi-enclosed panicle	miR159, miR171	35S	Zhang et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2018
Plant height	Decreased plant height	miR159, miR165/166, miR171, miR172, miR398	35S	Zhang et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018b; Chen et al., 2021a
	Increased plant height	miR441	35S	Zhang et al., 2017
Leaf inclination	Decreased leaf inclination	miR159	35S	Gao et al., 2018
	Enhanced leaf inclination	miR171, miR394	35S	Xia et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2017; Qu et al., 2019
		miR1848	Ubi-1
Tiller number	Fewer tillers	miR156	35S	Zhang et al., 2017
Tiller angle	Wider tiller angle	miR165/166	35S
Root	Shorter roots with reduced root number	miR156	35S
Abiotic stress	Enhanced susceptibility to M. oryzae	miR159	35S	Chen et al., 2021b
Drought stress	Reduced tolerance	miR162b	Ubi-1	Tian et al., 2015
	Enhanced tolerance	miR166	35S	Zhang et al., 2018b
		miR535	Ubi-1	Yue et al., 2020
Salt stress	Enhanced tolerance	miR5144-3p, miR535	Ubi-1	Xia et al., 2017; Yue et al., 2020
High/low temperature	Enhanced tolerance	miR5144-3p	Ubi-1	Xia et al., 2017